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establish something by law

  • 1 bij

    bij1
    〈de〉
    ————————
    bij2
    1 [bij kennis] conscious
    2 [gelijk] up-to-date
    3 [van alles op de hoogte] up-to-date
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   de bokser is nog niet bij • the boxer hasn't come round yet
    2   de leerling is weer/nog niet bij met de lessen • the pupil has now caught up/is still behind in his lessons
         bij zijn met betalen • be up-to-date with payments
    3   (goed) bij zijn • be (well) on top of things
         goed bij zijn in een vak • be well up on a subject
    II 〈 bijwoord〉
    ♦voorbeelden:
    ¶   om en bij • more or less, about
    ————————
    bij3
    〈 voorzetsel〉
    1 [in de nabijheid van] near (to) ⇒ close (by/to)
    2 [met betrekking tot een raken aan/bereiken] at ⇒ to
    3 [met betrekking tot een niet verder gaan/een niet afwijken] to ⇒ with
    4 [in het bezit van, tijdens] while ⇒ during
    5 [met betrekking tot een aanwezigheid] at
    6 [met betrekking tot een toevoeging] along (with) ⇒ with
    7 [met betrekking tot een gebondenheid] for ⇒ with
    8 [met betrekking tot een meevoeren] with ⇒ along
    9 [voor, in tegenwoordigheid van] with ⇒ to
    10 [aan, met] by
    11 [gedurende, onder] by ⇒ at
    12 [gelijktijdig met] on ⇒ at
    13 [in geval van] in case of ⇒ if
    14 [wegens] by ⇒ due to
    15 [door, voor, door middel van] from ⇒ by (means of)
    16 [in vergelijking met] in comparison to ⇒ as compared with
    17 [in de ogen van] for ⇒ in the eyes of
    ♦voorbeelden:
    1   bij iemand gaan zitten • sit next to someone
         bij het raam • close to/next to the window
         bij het stadhuis • close to/near the town hall
         ik woon hier vlak bij • I live nearby/close by
         bij zessen • almost six (o'clock)
    2   bij een kruispunt komen • come to an intersection
         kan jij bij de hoogste plank? • can you reach the top shelf?
         er(gens) niet bij kunnen • 〈 figuurlijk〉 not understand/get something
    3   bij een mening blijven • stick to an opinion
         alles blijft bij het oude • everything stays the same
         het er niet bij laten • not leave it at that
         we zullen het er maar bij laten • let's leave it at that
    4   bij zijn dood • at his death
    5   zij was bij haar tante • she was at her aunt's
         〈 figuurlijk〉 er niet bij zijn met zijn gedachten • have only half one's mind on it
         er niet bij zijn • not be there/present
         er(gens) gauw bij zijn • 〈 figuurlijk〉 respond quickly; 〈 met betrekking tot ziekte〉 catch (a disease) in time
    6   heb je iets bij de koffie? • do you have anything to go with the coffee?
         een kopje koffie is er tegenwoordig niet meer bij • you don't even get a cup of coffee these days
         bij elkaar zijn het er 20 • there are 20 altogether
         〈 figuurlijk〉 dat is er niet bij • that is out of the question
    7   bij een baas werken • work for a boss
         dat is bij de boeren zo de gewoonte • that is the custom with farmers
         bij de marine • in the navy
         bij Vondel • in Vondel
         altijd bij H. kopen • always shop at H's
         bij ons • at our house; back home; in our country/family
    8   zij had haar dochter bij zich • she had her daughter with her
         geen lucifers/geld bij zich hebben • have no matches/money on one
    9   inlichtingen bij een loket inwinnen • request information at a window
         bij hem kun je van alles verwachten • you can expect anything from him
         bij zichzelf (denken/zeggen) • (think/say) to oneself
    10  iemand bij zijn kraag vatten • grab someone by his collar
         iemand bij name kennen • know someone by name
    11  bij het lezen van de krant • (when) reading the newspaper
         bij het ontbijt • at breakfast
         bij de derde poging • at the third attempt
         bij mooi weer • when/if the weather is nice
    12  bij je volgende bezoek • on your next visit
         bij een glas wijn iets bespreken • discuss something over a glass of wine
    13  bij ziekte/een sterfgeval • in case of illness/death
    14  bij gebrek aan bewijs • due to lack of proof
    15  een kind bij haar tweede man • a child by her second husband
         iets bij (de) wet bepalen • establish something by law
         bij dezen • hereby
    16  wat is hij nu bij een dichter als Achterberg? • what is he in comparison to a poet like Achterberg?
    17  zij kan bij de buren geen goed doen • she can do no good as far as the neighbours are concerned
         de kamer is 6 bij 5 • the room is 6 by 5
    ¶   je bent er bij • gotcha!

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > bij

  • 2 iets bij (de) wet bepalen

    iets bij (de) wet bepalen

    Van Dale Handwoordenboek Nederlands-Engels > iets bij (de) wet bepalen

  • 3 festlegen

    (trennb., hat -ge-)
    I v/t
    1. (Gehalt, Ort, Preis, Strafe, Zeit) settle (on), fix ( auf + Akk at); (Termin) auch set; (Bedingungen, Regel etc.) lay down, set; (Programm) arrange; durch Übereinkunft: agree on; (vorschreiben) prescribe; etw. schriftlich festlegen put s.th. down in black and white
    2. NAUT. (Kurs) plot
    3. WIRTS. (Kapital) lock ( oder tie) up
    4. fig.: jemanden festlegen pin s.o. down ( auf + Akk on); (Schauspieler etc.) auf ein Fach: typecast s.o. (as)
    II v/refl commit o.s. ( auf + Akk to); ich möchte mich noch nicht festlegen auch I’d like to leave that open for the time being
    * * *
    to fix; to stipulate; to immobilize; to settle; to lay down; to state; to regulate
    * * *
    fẹst|le|gen sep
    1. vt
    auf +acc, bei for); Grenze auch to establish; Sprachgebrauch to establish, to lay down; (= bestimmen) Regelung, Arbeitszeiten to lay down; (= feststellen) Geburtsdatum to determine; (COMPUT) to set, to define

    etw schriftlich/testamentarisch festlegen — to stipulate or specify sth in writing/in one's will

    2) Geld to put on time deposit, to tie up
    2. vr
    1) (= verbindlich sein) to tie oneself down (
    auf +acc to); (= sich verpflichten) to commit oneself ( auf +acc to)

    ich kann mich darauf nicht festlegen, ich kann mich auch irren — I can't swear to it, I might be wrong

    sich darauf festlegen, etw zu tun — to tie oneself down/commit oneself to doing sth

    2) (= einen Entschluss fassen) to decide (
    auf +acc on)

    sich darauf festlegen, etw zu tun — to decide on doing sth or to do sth

    * * *
    1) ((often with up) to arrange; to settle: to fix a price; We fixed (up) a meeting.) fix
    2) (to settle or arrange (a date, limit, price etc): It's difficult to set a price on a book when you don't know its value.) set
    3) (to order or instruct: The rule book lays down what should be done in such a case.) lay down
    * * *
    fest|le·gen
    I. vt
    ▪ etw \festlegen to determine [or establish] [or define] sth
    ▪ \festlegen, dass... to stipulate that...
    die Rechte der Bürger sind im Bürgerlichen Gesetzbuch festgelegt the rights of every citizen are laid down in the Civil Code
    2. FIN (unkündbar anlegen) Geld to tie up sep
    3. (bindend verpflichten)
    ▪ jdn [auf etw akk] \festlegen to tie sb down [to sth]
    er will sich nicht \festlegen lassen he does not want to commit himself to anything
    ▪ sich akk [auf etw akk] \festlegen to commit oneself [to sth]
    * * *
    1) (verbindlich regeln) fix <time, deadline, price>; arrange < programme>

    sich [auf etwas (Akk.)] festlegen [lassen] — commit oneself [to something]

    jemanden [auf etwas (Akk.)] festlegen — tie somebody down [to something]

    3) (Bankw.) tie up < money>
    * * *
    festlegen (trennb, hat -ge-)
    A. v/t
    1. (Gehalt, Ort, Preis, Strafe, Zeit) settle (on), fix (
    auf +akk at); (Termin) auch set; (Bedingungen, Regel etc) lay down, set; (Programm) arrange; durch Übereinkunft: agree on; (vorschreiben) prescribe;
    etwas schriftlich festlegen put sth down in black and white
    2. SCHIFF (Kurs) plot
    3. WIRTSCH (Kapital) lock ( oder tie) up
    4. fig:
    jemanden festlegen pin sb down (
    auf +akk on); (Schauspieler etc) auf ein Fach: typecast sb (as)
    B. v/r commit o.s. (
    auf +akk to);
    ich möchte mich noch nicht festlegen auch I’d like to leave that open for the time being
    * * *
    1) (verbindlich regeln) fix <time, deadline, price>; arrange < programme>

    sich [auf etwas (Akk.)] festlegen [lassen] — commit oneself [to something]

    jemanden [auf etwas (Akk.)] festlegen — tie somebody down [to something]

    3) (Bankw.) tie up < money>
    * * *
    v.
    to determine v.
    to fix v.
    to immobilise (UK) v.
    to immobilize (US) v.
    to schedule v.
    to set v.
    (§ p.,p.p.: set)
    to state v.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > festlegen

  • 4 consagrar

    v.
    1 to consecrate (religion).
    El nuncio consagró al buen cura The nuncio consecrated the good priest.
    El cura consagró mi casa ayer The priest consecrated my house yesterday.
    2 to devote.
    consagró su vida a la literatura he devoted o dedicated his life to literature
    María consagró su tiempo a los chicos Mary devoted her time to the boys.
    3 to confirm, to establish.
    * * *
    1 RELIGIÓN to consecrate
    2 (palabra, expresión) to establish
    3 (dedicar) to dedicate
    4 (artista etc) to confirm, establish
    1 (dedicarse) to devote oneself (a, to), dedicate oneself (a, to)
    2 (hacerse reconocido) to establish oneself
    * * *
    verb
    1) to consecrate, dedicate
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (Rel) to consecrate, dedicate (a to)
    [+ emperador] to deify
    2) [+ esfuerzo, tiempo, vida] to devote, dedicate (a to)
    [+ monumento, placa] to put up (a to)
    3) [+ fama] to confirm
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) (Relig) to consecrate
    2)
    a) <monumento/edificio>

    consagrar algo a algo/alguien — to dedicate something to something/somebody

    b) <vida/tiempo/esfuerzo>

    consagrar algo a algo/alguien — to dedicate o devote something to something/somebody

    c) <programa/publicación>

    consagrar algo a algo/alguien — to devote something to something/somebody

    a) <artista/profesional> to establish
    b) < costumbre> to establish
    2.
    consagrarse v pron
    a) (refl) ( dedicarse)

    consagrarse a algo/alguien — to devote oneself to something/somebody

    * * *
    = enshrine, consecrate, hallow, sanctify, devote.
    Ex. While much remains to be done, the right of every member of the public to see official documents is enshrined in law.
    Ex. The massive shape of the Gothic cathedral consecrated in 1335 is a distinctive feature on the town's skyline.
    Ex. But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.
    Ex. American sport hunters of the late 19th 'aimed' to reclaim the frontier past and sanctify individualism.
    Ex. A book for instance on 'vegetable gardening' may contain equally valuable information on 'growing tomatoes' as a book devoted entirely to 'growing tomatoes'.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1) (Relig) to consecrate
    2)
    a) <monumento/edificio>

    consagrar algo a algo/alguien — to dedicate something to something/somebody

    b) <vida/tiempo/esfuerzo>

    consagrar algo a algo/alguien — to dedicate o devote something to something/somebody

    c) <programa/publicación>

    consagrar algo a algo/alguien — to devote something to something/somebody

    a) <artista/profesional> to establish
    b) < costumbre> to establish
    2.
    consagrarse v pron
    a) (refl) ( dedicarse)

    consagrarse a algo/alguien — to devote oneself to something/somebody

    * * *
    = enshrine, consecrate, hallow, sanctify, devote.

    Ex: While much remains to be done, the right of every member of the public to see official documents is enshrined in law.

    Ex: The massive shape of the Gothic cathedral consecrated in 1335 is a distinctive feature on the town's skyline.
    Ex: But in a larger sense, we cannot dedicate, we cannot consecrate, we cannot hallow this ground.
    Ex: American sport hunters of the late 19th 'aimed' to reclaim the frontier past and sanctify individualism.
    Ex: A book for instance on 'vegetable gardening' may contain equally valuable information on 'growing tomatoes' as a book devoted entirely to 'growing tomatoes'.

    * * *
    consagrar [A1 ]
    vt
    A ( Relig) to consecrate
    hostia consagrada consecrated wafer
    B
    1 ‹monumento/edificio› consagrar algo A algo/algn to dedicate sth TO sth/sb
    2 ‹vida/tiempo/esfuerzo› consagrar algo A algo/algn to dedicate o devote sth TO sth/sb
    consagró su vida a sus hijos she devoted o dedicated her life to her children
    3 ‹programa/publicación› consagrar algo A algo/algn to devote sth TO sth/sb
    1 ‹artista/profesional› to establish
    la película que la consagró como una gran actriz the movie that established her o her reputation as a great actress
    2 ‹costumbre› to establish
    una expresión consagrada por el uso an expression which has established itself o gained acceptability through usage
    1 ( refl) (dedicarse) consagrarse A algo/algn to devote oneself TO sth/sb, dedicate oneself TO sth/sb
    2
    (acreditarse): con ese triunfo se consagró (como) campeón that triumph established her as the champion
    * * *

    consagrar ( conjugate consagrar) verbo transitivo
    a) (Relig) to consecrate

    b) consagrar algo a algo/algn ‹monumento/edificio› to dedicate sth to sth/sb;

    ‹vida/tiempo/esfuerzo› to dedicate o devote sth to sth/sb;
    ‹programa/publicación› to devote sth to sth/sb
    c) ( establecer) ‹artista/profesional› to establish;


    consagrarse verbo pronominal ( refl) ( dedicarse) consagrarse a algo/algn to devote oneself to sth/sb
    consagrar verbo transitivo
    1 (dedicar) to devote
    2 Rel to consecrate
    3 (proporcionar reconocimiento) to confirm [como, as]
    ' consagrar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    santificar
    - dedicar
    English:
    consecrate
    - dedicate
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. Rel [pan, vino, templo] to consecrate
    2. [dedicar] [tiempo, espacio] to devote;
    [monumento, lápida] to dedicate;
    consagró su vida a la literatura he devoted o dedicated his life to literature;
    consagraron el monumento a los caídos en la guerra they dedicated the monument to those who died in the war
    3. [acreditar, confirmar] to confirm, to establish;
    la obra que lo consagró como escritor the work that confirmed o established him as a writer
    * * *
    v/t
    1 REL consecrate
    2 ( hacer famoso) make famous
    3 vida devote
    * * *
    1) : to consecrate
    2) dedicar: to dedicate, to devote

    Spanish-English dictionary > consagrar

  • 5 statuo

    stătŭo, ui, utum, 3, v. a. [statum, sup. of sto], to cause to stand (cf.: colloco, pono).
    I.
    Corporeally.
    A.
    To cause to stand, set up, set, station, fix in an upright position.
    1.
    To set up, set in the ground, erect:

    ibi arbores pedicino in lapide statuito,

    Cato, R. R. 18:

    inter parietes arbores ubi statues,

    id. ib.:

    stipites statuito,

    id. ib.:

    palis statutis crebris,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 14 init.:

    pedamenta jacentia statuenda,

    are to be raised, Col. 4, 26:

    pedamentum inter duas vitis,

    Plin. 17, 22, 21, § 194:

    hic statui volo primum aquilam,

    the standard of the troops, Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 7:

    signifer, statue signum,

    plant the ensign, Liv. 5, 55, 1; Val. Max. 1, 5, 1.—
    2.
    To plant (rare):

    eodem modo vineam statuito, alligato, flexatoque uti fuerit,

    Plin. 17, 22, 35, § 198:

    agro qui statuit meo Te, triste lignum (i. e. arborem),

    Hor. C. 2, 13, 10.—
    3.
    In gen., to place, set or fix, set up, set forth things or persons.
    a.
    Without specifying the place:

    ollam statuito cum aqua,

    let a jar stand with water, Cato, R. R. 156 (157):

    crateras magnos statuunt, i. e. on the table,

    Verg. A. 1, 724; so,

    crateras laeti statuunt,

    id. ib. 7, 147: haec carina satis probe fundata et bene statuta est, well placed, i. e. so that the hull stands perpendicularly (cf.:

    bene lineatam carinam collocavit, v. 42),

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 3, 44:

    nec quidquam explicare, nec statuere potuerant, nec quod statutum esset, manebat, omnia perscindente vento,

    Liv. 21, 58, 7:

    eo die tabernacula statui passus non est,

    to pitch, Caes. B. C. 1, 81; so, aciem statuere, to draw up an army:

    aciem quam arte statuerat, latius porrigit,

    Sall. J. 52, 6.—
    b.
    With designation of the place by in and abl.; by adv. of place; by ante, apud, ad, circa, super, and acc.; by pro and abl.; by abl. alone (very rare), or by in and acc. (very rare): signa domi pro supellectile statuere, Cato ap. Prisc. 7, 19, 95 (p. 782 P.):

    statuite hic lectulos,

    Plaut. Pers. 5, 1, 7:

    etiamsi in caelo Capitolium statueretur,

    Cic. Or. 3, 46, 180:

    statuitur Sollius in illo gladiatorum convivio... atuitur, ut dico, eques Romanus in Apronii convivio,

    is taken to the banquet, id. Verr. 2, 3, 25, § 61 sq.:

    tabernacula in foro statuere,

    Liv. 39, 46, 3:

    in principiis statuit tabernaculum,

    Nep. Eum. 7, 1:

    in nostris castris tibi tabernaculum statue,

    Curt. 5, 11, 6; 8, 13, 20:

    statui in medium undique conspicuum tabernaculum jussit,

    id. 9, 6, 1:

    (sagittae) longae, nisi prius in terra statuerent arcum, haud satis apte imponuntur,

    id. 8, 14, 19:

    sedes curules sacerdotum Augustalium locis, superque eas querceae coronae statuerentur,

    Tac. A. 2, 83:

    donum deae apud Antium statuitur,

    id. ib. 3, 71:

    pro rigidis calamos columnis,

    Ov. F. 3, 529:

    jamque ratem Scythicis auster statuisset in oris,

    Val. Fl. 3, 653:

    statuere vas in loco frigido,

    Pall. Oct. 22.—Of living beings:

    capite in terram statuerem, Ut cerebro dispergat viam,

    Ter. Ad. 3, 2, 18:

    qui capite ipse sua in statuit vestigia sese (= qui sese ipse capite in sua vestigia statuit),

    i. e. stands on his head, Lucr. 4, 472:

    patrem ejus a mortuis excitasses, statuisses ante oculos,

    Cic. Or. 1, 57, 245:

    captivos vinctos in medio statuit,

    Liv. 21, 42, 1:

    ubi primum equus Curtium in vado statuit,

    id. 1, 13, 5:

    quattuor cohortes in fronte statuit,

    id. 28, 33, 12:

    ante se statuit funditores,

    id. 42, 58, 10:

    puerum ad canendum ante tibicinem cum statuisset,

    id. 7, 2, 9:

    procul in conspectu eum (Philopoemenem) statuerunt,

    id. 39, 49, 11:

    media porta robora legionum, duabus circa portis milites levemque armaturam statuit,

    id. 23, 16, 8:

    bovem ad fanum Dianae et ante aram statuit,

    id. 1, 45, 6:

    cum Calchanta circa aram statuisset,

    Val. Max. 8, 11, ext. 6:

    marium si qui eo loci statuisset,

    id. 3, 1, 2 fin.:

    adulescentes ante Caesarem statuunt,

    Tac. A. 4, 8:

    in fronte statuerat ferratos, in cornibus cohortes,

    id. ib. 3, 45:

    puer quis Ad cyathum statuetur?

    Hor. C. 1, 29, 8:

    tu cum pro vitula statuis dulcem Aulide natam Ante aras,

    id. S. 2, 3, 199:

    et statuam ante aras aurata fronte juvencum,

    Verg. A. 9, 627:

    clara regione profundi Aetheros innumeri statuerunt agmina cygni,

    Stat. Th. 3, 525.—
    4. a.
    Of statues, temples, columns, altars, trophies, etc.; constr. with acc. alone, or acc. of the structure and dat. of the person for whom or in whose honor it is erected:

    siquidem mihi aram et statuam statuis,

    Plaut. As. 3, 3, 122:

    huic statuam statui decet ex auro,

    id. Bacch. 4, 4, 1:

    ne ego aurea pro statua vineam tibi statuam,

    id. Curc. 1, 2, 52:

    eique statuam equestrem in rostris statui placere,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 15, 41; so id. ib. 9, 5, 10; 9, 7, 16; id. Verr. 2, 2, 62, § 151; 2, 2, 20, § 48; so,

    simulacrum alicui statuere,

    Val. Max. 1, 1, 8:

    effigiem,

    Verg. A. 2, 184:

    Mancinus eo habitu sibi statuit quo, etc. (effigiem),

    Plin. 34, 5, 10, § 18:

    simulacrum in curia,

    Tac. A. 14, 12:

    quanam in civitate tempium statueretur,

    id. ib. 4, 55:

    se primos templum urbis Romae statuisse,

    id. ib. 4, 56; so id. ib. 4, 15:

    nec tibi de Pario statuam, Germanice, templum,

    Ov. P. 4, 8, 31:

    templa tibi statuam, tribuam tibi turis honorem,

    id. M. 14, 128:

    super terrae tumulum noluit quid statui nisi columellam,

    Cic. Leg. 2, 26, 66:

    victimas atque aras diis Manibus statuentes,

    Tac. A. 3, 2:

    statuitque aras e cespite,

    Ov. M. 7, 240:

    statuantur arae,

    Sen. Med. 579:

    aeneum statuerunt tropaeum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 23, 69:

    monumentum,

    id. ib. § 70; so,

    in alio orbe tropaea statuere,

    Curt. 7, 7, 14;

    so,

    Plin. 3, 3, 4, § 18: ut illum di perdant qui primus statuit hic solarium, Plaut. Fragm. ap. Gell. 3, 3, 5:

    princeps Romanis solarium horologium statuisse L. Papirius Cursor proditur,

    Plin. 7, 60, 60, § 213:

    a miliario in capite Romani fori statuto,

    id. 3, 5, 9, § 66:

    carceres eo anno in Circo primum statuti,

    Liv. 8, 20, 1:

    quo molem hanc immanis equi statuere?

    Verg. A. 2, 150:

    multo altiorem statui crucem jussit,

    Suet. Galb. 9:

    obeliscam,

    Plin. 36, 9, 14, § 71:

    at nunc disturba quas statuisti machinas,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 137:

    incensis operibus quae statuerat,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 4:

    si vallum statuitur procul urbis illecebris,

    Tac. A. 4, 2:

    castra in quinto lapide a Carthagine statuit,

    Just. 22, 6, 9.—
    b.
    Poet. and in post-class. prose (rare):

    aliquem statuere = alicui statuam statuere: inter et Aegidas media statuaris in urbe,

    Ov. H. 2, 67:

    statuarque tumulo hilaris et coronatus,

    my statue will be erected, Tac. Dial. 13; so with two acc.: custodem medio statuit quam vilicus horto, whose statue he placed as protectress, etc., Mart. 3, 68, 9; cf.

    in double sense: nudam te statuet, i. e. nudam faciet (= nudabit fortunis), and statuam tibi nu dam faciet,

    Mart. 4, 28, 8.—
    5.
    Of cities, etc., to establish, found, build (in class. prose usu. condo):

    Agamemnon tres ibi urbes statuit,

    Vell. 1, 1, 2:

    urbem quam statuo vestra est,

    Verg. A. 1, 573:

    urbom praeclaram,

    id. ib. 4, 655:

    Persarum statuit Babylona Semiramis urbem,

    Prop. 3, 11 (4, 10), 21:

    ibi civitatem statuerunt,

    Just. 23, 1; so,

    licentia et impunitas asyla statuendi (= aperiendi),

    Tac. A. 3, 60.—Hence, transf.: carmen statuere = carmen condere, to compose, devise a song:

    nunc volucrum... inexpertum carmen, quod tacita statuere bruma,

    Stat. S. 4, 5, 12.—
    B.
    To cause to stand still, to stop (rare; cf.

    sisto, III. B.): navem extemplo statuimus,

    Plaut. Bacch. 2, 3, 57:

    et statuit fessos, fessus et ipse, boves,

    Prop. 4 (5), 9, 4:

    famuli hoc modo statuerunt aquas,

    Arn. 1, p. 30: sanguinem, Oct. Hor. 4.—
    C.
    To cause to stand firm, strengthen, support (rare; = stabilire), only transf.: qui rem publicam certo animo adjuverit, statuerit, Att. ap. Cic. Sest. 56, 120 (Trag. Rel. v. 357 Rib.).
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    To establish, constitute (= constituo).
    1.
    Esp.: exemplum or documentum (v. edo fin., and cf. Sen. Phoen. 320), to set forth an example or precedent for warning or imitation:

    statuite exemplum impudenti, date pudori praemium,

    Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 6:

    exemplum statuite in me ut adulescentuli Vobis placere studeant potius quam sibi,

    Ter. Heaut. prol. 51; Auct. Her. 4, 35, 47:

    ut illi intellegere possint, in quo homine statueris exemplum hujus modi,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 45, § 111:

    in quos aliquid exempli populus Romanus statui putat oportere,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 90, §

    210: statuam in te exemplum, ne quis posthac infelicibus miseriis patriae illudat,

    Just. 8, 7, 14:

    documentum autem statui oportere, si quis resipiscat et antiquam societatem respiciat,

    Liv. 24, 45, 5: statueretur immo [p. 1753] documentum, quo uxorem imperator acciperet, a precedent, Tac. A. 12, 6.—
    2.
    Jus statuere, to establish a principle or relation of law:

    ut (majores nostri) omnia omnium rerum jura statuerint,

    Cic. Caecin. 12, 34: qui magistratum potestatemve habebit, si quid in aliquem novi juris statuerit, ipse quoque, adversario postulante, eodem jure uti debebit, if he has established any new principle of law, Edict. Praet. in Dig. 2, 2, 1, § 1:

    si quid injungere inferiori velis, id prius in te ac tuos si ipse juris statueris, facilius omnes oboedientes habeas,

    if you first admit it against yourself, Liv. 26, 36, 3:

    si dicemus in omnibus aequabile jus statui convenire,

    equal principles of law should be applied to all, Auct. Her. 3, 3, 4. —
    3.
    In gen., to establish by authority (of relations, institutions, rights, duties, etc.):

    (Numa) omnis partis religionis statuit sanctissime,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 14, 26:

    hoc judicium sic exspectatur ut non unae rei statui, sed omnibus constitui putetur,

    id. Tull. 15, 36:

    ad formandos animos statuendasque vitae leges, Quint. prooem. 14: sic hujus (virtutis) ut caelestium statuta magnitudo est,

    Sen. Ep. 79, 10:

    vectigal etiam novum ex salaria annona statuerunt,

    Liv. 29, 37, 2:

    novos statuere fines,

    id. 42, 24, 8:

    neque eos quos statuit terminos observat,

    id. 21, 44, 5:

    quibus rebus cum pax statuta esset,

    Just. 5, 10, 8; so id. 25, 1, 1:

    sedesque ibi statuentibus,

    id. 18, 5, 11.—
    4.
    With double acc., to constitute, appoint, create:

    Hirtius arbitrum me statuebat non modo hujus rei, sed totius consulatus sui,

    Cic. Att. 14, 1, a, 2:

    telluris erum natura nec illum, nec quemquam constituit,

    Hor. S. 2, 2, 130:

    de principatu (vinorum) se quisque judicem statuet,

    Plin. 14, 6, 8, § 59:

    praefectus his statuitur Andragoras,

    Just. 21, 4, 5.—
    B.
    To determine, fix, etc. (of temporal or local relations); constr. usually with acc. and dat. or acc. and gen.
    1.
    Modum statuere alicui or alicujus rei, to determine the manner, mode, or measure of, assign limits, restrictions or restraints to a thing or person, to impose restraints upon.
    (α).
    With dat.:

    diuturnitati imperii modum statuendum putavistis,

    that a limit should be assigned to the duration of his power, Cic. Imp. Pomp. 9, 26:

    statui mihi tum modum et orationi meae,

    imposed restraints upon myself and my words, id. Verr. 2, 5, 63, § 163:

    non statuendo felicitati modum, nec cohibendo fortunam,

    by not assigning any limits to his success, Liv. 30, 30, 23 (Pompeium) affirmabant, libertati publicae statuturum modum, Vell. 2, 40:

    cupidinibus statuat natura modum,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 111:

    quem modum sibi ipsa statuit (crudelitas)?

    Val. Max. 9, 2 pr.:

    modum ipsae res statuunt (i. e. sibi),

    Plin. 28, 15, 61, § 216:

    modum nuptiarum sumptibus statuerunt,

    Just. 21, 4, 5:

    timori quem meo statuam modum?

    Sen. Thyest. 483;

    and with finem: jam statui aerumnis modum et finem cladi,

    id. Herc. Fur. 206. —
    (β).
    With gen.:

    honestius te inimicitiarum modum statuere potuisse quam me humanitatis,

    Cic. Sull. 17, 48:

    ipse modum statuam carminis,

    Ov. Tr. 1, 11, 44:

    errorisque sui sic statuisse modum,

    Prop. 3, 12 (4, 11), 36:

    modum statuunt fellis pondere denarii,

    they limit the quantity of the gall to the weight of a denarius, Plin. 28, 19, 77, § 254.—
    2.
    Condicionem or legem alicui, to impose a condition or law upon one, to dictate, assign a condition to:

    hanc tu condicionem statuis Gaditanis,

    Cic. Balb. 10, 25:

    providete ne duriorem vobis condicionem statuatis ordinique vestro quam ferre possit,

    id. Rab. Post. 6, 15:

    alter eam sibi legem statuerat ut, etc.,

    id. Phil. 10, 6, 12: pretio statuta lege ne modum excederet, etc., the law being assigned to the price that not, etc., i. e. the price being limited by the law, etc., Plin. 33, 7, 40, § 118:

    pacis legem universae Graeciae statuit,

    Just. 9, 5, 2.—So with ellipsis of dat., to agree upon, stipulate:

    statutis condicionibus,

    Just. 6, 1, 3:

    omnibus consentientibus Carthago conditur, statuto annuo vectigali pro solo urbis,

    id. 18, 5, 14. —
    3.
    Finem, to assign or put an end to, make an end of:

    haud opinor commode Finem statuisse orationi militem,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 21:

    et finem statuit cuppedinis atque timoris,

    Lucr. 6, 25:

    cum Fulvius Flaccus finem poenae eorum statuere cogeretur,

    Val. Max. 3, 2, ext. 1: majores vestri omnium magnarum rerum et principia exorsi ab diis sunt, et finem statuerunt, finished, Liv. 45, 39, 10; so,

    terminum: nam templis numquam statuetur terminus aevi,

    Stat. S. 3, 1, 180:

    cum consilii tui bene fortiterque suscepti eum tibi finem statueris, quem ipsa fortuna terminum nostrarum contentionum esse voluisset,

    since you have assigned that end, Cic. Fam. 6, 22, 2.—
    4.
    Pretium alicui rei, to assign a price to something; fix, determine the price of something:

    quae probast mers, pretium ei statuit,

    Plaut. Mil. 3, 1, 132:

    numquam avare pretium statui arti meae,

    Ter. Heaut. prol. 48:

    statuit frumento pretium,

    Tac. A. 2, 87; so with dat. understood:

    ut eos (obsides) pretio quantum ipsi statuissent patres redimi paterentur,

    Liv. 45, 42, 7:

    pretium statuit (i. e. vecturae et sali),

    id. 45, 29, 13; so with in and acc.: ut in singulas amphoras (vini) centeni nummi statuantur, that the price may be set down at 100 sesterces for an amphora, Plin. 14, 4, 6, § 56.—
    5.
    Statuere diem, horam, tempus, locum alicui rei, or alicui, or with dat. gerund., to assign or appoint a day, time, place, etc. (for the more usual diem dicere):

    statutus est comitiis dies,

    Liv. 24, 27, 1:

    diem patrando facinori statuerat,

    id. 35, 35, 15:

    multitudini diem statuit ante quam sine fraude liceret ab armis discedere,

    Sall. C. 36, 2:

    dies insidiis statuitur,

    id. J. 70, 3:

    ad tempus locumque colloquio statuendum,

    Liv. 28, 35, 4:

    subverti leges quae sua spatia (= tempora) quaerendis aut potiundis honoribus statuerint,

    Tac. A. 2, 36.—With ellipsis of dat.:

    observans quem statuere diem,

    Mart. 4, 54, 6:

    noctem unam poscit: statuitur nox,

    Tac. A. 13, 44.—Esp. in the part. statutus, fixed, appointed (in MSS. and edd. often confounded with status; v. sisto fin.):

    institum ut quotannis... libri diebus statutis (statis) recitarentur,

    Suet. Claud. 42:

    ut die statuta omnes equos ante regiam producerent,

    Just. 1, 10, 1:

    quaedam (genera) statutum tempus anni habent,

    Plin. 17, 18, 30, § 135:

    fruges quoque maturitatem statuto tempore expectant,

    Curt. 6, 3, 7:

    sacrificium non esse redditum statuto tempore,

    id. 8, 2, 6:

    statuto tempore quo urbem Mithridati traderet,

    Just. 16, 4, 9:

    cum ad statutam horam omnes convenissent,

    id. 1, 10, 8:

    intra tempus statutum,

    fixed by the law, Dig. 4, 4, 19 and 20.—
    6.
    To recount, count up, state (very rare): statue sex et quinquaginta annos, quibus mox divus Augustus rempublicam rexit: adice Tiberii tres et viginti... centum et viginti anni colliguntur, count, fix the number at, Tac. Or. 17:

    Cinyphiae segetis citius numerabis aristas... quam tibi nostrorum statuatur summa laborum,

    Ov. P. 2, 7, 29.—
    C.
    To decide, determine, with reference to a result, to settle, fix, bring about, choose, make a decision.
    1.
    Of disputes, differences, questions, etc., between others.
    (α).
    With interrog.-clause:

    ut statuatis hoc judicio utrum posthac amicitias clarorum virorum calamitati hominibus an ornamento esse malitis,

    Cic. Balb. 28, 65:

    eam potestatem habetis ut statuatis utrum nos... semper miseri lugeamus, an, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 4:

    in hoc homine statuatis, possitne senatoribus judicantibus homo nocentissim us pecuniosissimusque damnari,

    id. Verr. 1, 16, 47:

    vos statuite, recuperatores, utra (sententia) utilior esse videatur,

    id. Caecin. 27, 77:

    decidis tu statuisque quid iis ad denarium solveretur,

    id. Quint. 4, 17:

    magni esse judicis statuere quid quemque cuique praestare oporteret,

    id. Off. 3, 17, 70:

    mihi vero Pompeius statuisse videtur quid vos in judicando spectare oporteret,

    id. Mil. 6, 15:

    semel (senatus) statuerent quid donatum Masinissae vellent,

    Liv. 42, 23:

    nec quid faciendum modo sit statuunt, sed, etc.,

    decide, dictate, id. 44, 22:

    nondum statuerat conservaret eum necne,

    Nep. Eum. 11, 2:

    statutumque (est) quantum curules, quantum plebei pignoris caperent,

    Tac. A. 13, 28: semel nobis esse statuendum quod consilium in illo sequamur, August. ap. Suet. Claud. 4. —
    (β).
    With de:

    ut consules de Caesaris actis cognoscerent, statuerent, judicarent,

    Cic. Att. 16, 16, B, 8:

    et collegas suos de religione statuisse, in senatu de lege statuturos,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 4:

    ut de absente eo C. Licinius statueret ac judicaret,

    Liv. 42, 22:

    si de summa rerum liberum senatui permittat rex statuendi jus,

    id. 42, 62: qui ab exercitu ab imperatore eove cui de ea re statuendi potestas fuerit, dimissus erit, Edict. Praet. in Dig. 3, 2, 1.—Often with reference to punishment:

    cum de P. Lentulo ceterisque statuetis, pro certo habetote, vos simul de exercitu Catilinae decernere,

    Sall. C. 52, 17:

    satis visum de Vestilia statuere,

    to pass sentence against, Tac. A. 2, 85:

    jus statuendi de procuratoribus,

    id. ib. 12, 54:

    facta patribus potestate statuendi de Caeciliano,

    id. ib. 6, 7; so id. ib. 13, 28; cf. id. ib. 15, 14; 2, 85; Suet. Tib. 61 fin. —In partic.: de se statuere, to decide on, or dispose of one's self, i. e. of one's life, = to commit suicide:

    eorum qui de se statuebant humabantur corpora,

    Tac. A. 6, 29.—
    (γ).
    With de and abl. and interrog.-clause:

    si quibusdam populis permittendum esse videatur ut statuant ipsi de suis rebus quo jure uti velint,

    Cic. Balb. 8, 22.—
    (δ).
    With contra:

    consequeris tamen ut eos ipsos quos contra statuas aequos placatosque dimittas,

    Cic. Or. 10, 34. —
    (ε).
    With indef. obj., usu. a neutr. pron.:

    utrum igitur hoc Graeci statuent... an nostri praetores?

    Cic. Fl. 12, 27:

    dixisti quippiam: fixum (i. e. id) et statutum est,

    id. Mur. 30, 62:

    eoque utrique quod statuit contenti sunt,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 87:

    senatus, ne quid absente rege statueret,

    Liv. 39, 24, 13:

    maturato opus est, quidquid statuere placet (senatui),

    id. 8, 13, 17:

    id ubi in P. Licinio ita statutum est,

    id. 41, 15, 10:

    interrogatus quid ipse victorem statuere debere censeret,

    Curt. 8, 14, 43:

    quid in futurum statuerim, aperiam,

    Tac. A. 4, 37:

    utque rata essent quae procuratores sui in judicando statuerent,

    Suet. Claud. 12;

    qul statuit aliquid parte inaudita altera, aequum licet statuerit, haud aequus fuit,

    Sen. Med. 2, 199:

    non ergo quod libet statuere arbiter potest,

    Dig. 4, 8, 32, § 15; cf.:

    earum rerum quas Caesar statuisset, decrevisset, egisset,

    Cic. Att. 16, 16, C, 11.—
    (ζ).
    With de or super and abl.:

    vos de crudelissimis parricidis quid statuatis cunctamini?

    Sall. C. 52, 31:

    nihil super ea re nisi ex voluntate filii statuere,

    Suet. Tib. 13:

    ne quid super tanta re absente principe statueretur,

    Tac. H. 4, 9.—
    (η).
    Absol., mostly pass. impers.:

    ita expediri posse consilium ut pro merito cujusque statueretur,

    Liv. 8, 14, 1:

    tunc ut quaeque causa erit statuetis,

    id. 3, 53, 10:

    non ex rumore statuendum,

    decisions should not be founded on rumors, Tac. A. 3, 69.—
    (θ).
    With cognoscere, to examine ( officially) and decide:

    petit ut vel ipse de eo causa cognita statuat, vel civitatem statuere jubeat,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 19:

    consuli ut cognosceret statueretque senatus permiserat,

    Liv. 39, 3, 2:

    missuros qui de eorum controversiis cognoscerent statuerentque,

    id. 40, 20, 1; 45, 13, 11:

    quod causa cognita erit statuendum,

    Dig. 2, 11, 2, § 8.—
    2.
    With reference to the mind of the subject, to decide, to make up one's mind, conclude, determine, be convinced, usu. with interrog.clause:

    numquam intellegis, statuendum tibi esse, utrum illi homicidae sint an vindices libertatis,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 12, 30:

    illud mirum videri solet, tot homines... statuere non potuisse, utrum judicem an arbitrum, rem an litem dici oporteret,

    id. Mur. 12, 27:

    neque tamen possum statuere, utrum magis mirer, etc.,

    id. de Or. 3, 22, 82:

    ipsi statuerent, quo tempore possent suo jure arma capere,

    id. Tull. 5, 12:

    ut statuerem quid esset faciendum,

    id. Att. 7, 26, 3:

    statuere enim qui sit sapiens, vel maxime videtur esse sapientis,

    id. Ac. 2, 3, 9:

    si habes jam statutum quid tibi agendum putes,

    id. Fam. 4, 2, 4:

    tu quantum tribuendum nobis putes statuas ipse, et, ut spero, statues ex nostra dignitate,

    id. ib. 5, 8, 4:

    vix statui posse utrum quae pro se, an quae contra fratrem petiturus esset ab senatu magis impetrabilia forent,

    Liv. 45, 19, 6:

    quam satis statuerat, utram foveret partem,

    id. 42, 29, 11:

    posse ipsam Liviam statuere, nubendum post Drusum, an, etc.,

    Tac. A. 4, 40:

    statue quem poenae extrahas,

    Sen. Troad. 661.—So with apud animum, to make up one's mind:

    vix statuere apud animum meum possum atrum pejor ipsa res an pejore exemplo agatur,

    Liv. 34, 2, 4:

    proinde ipsi primum statuerent apud animos quid vellent,

    id. 6, 39, 11.—Rarely with neutr, pron. as object:

    quidquid nos de communi sententia statuerimus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 1, 2:

    sic statue, quidquid statuis, ut causam famamque tuam in arto stare scias,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 1306.—
    D.
    To decree, order, prescribe.
    1.
    With ut or ne: statuunt ut decem milia hominum in oppidum submittantur, [p. 1754] Caes. B. G. 7, 21:

    eos (Siculos) statuisse ut hoc quod dico postularet,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 42, § 103:

    statuunt illi atque decernunt ut eae litterae... removerentur,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 71, §

    173: statuit iste ut arator... vadimonium promitteret,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 15, §

    38: orare patres ut statuerent ne absentium nomina reciperentur,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 42, §

    103: statuitur ne post M. Brutum proconsulem sit Creta provincia,

    id. Phil. 2, 38, 97:

    (Tiberius) auxit patrum honorem statuendo ut qui ad senatum provocavissent, etc.,

    Tac. A. 14, 28:

    statuiturque (a senatu) ut... in servitute haberentur,

    id. ib. 12, 53.—So of a decree, determination, or agreement by several persons or parties to be carried out by each of them:

    statutum esse (inter plebem et Poenos) ut... impedimenta diriperent,

    Liv. 23, 16, 6:

    Athenienses cum statuerent, ut urbe relicta naves conscenderent,

    Cic. Off. 3, 11, 48:

    statuunt ut fallere custodes tentent,

    Ov. M. 4, 84.—
    2.
    With acc. (post-Aug.):

    remedium statuere,

    to prescribe a remedy against public abuses, Tac. A. 3, 28; 6, 4:

    Caesar ducentesimam (vectigalis) in posterum statuit,

    decreed that one half of one per cent. be the tax, id. ib. 2, 42.—So with sic (= hoc):

    sic, di, statuistis,

    Ov. M. 4, 661.—
    3.
    With dat. and acc. (not ante-Aug.):

    eis (Vestalibus) stipendium de publico statuit,

    decreed, allowed a salary, Liv. 1, 20, 3:

    Aurelio quoque annuam pecuniam statuit princeps,

    decreed, granted, Tac. A. 13, 34:

    biduum criminibus obiciendis statuitur,

    are allowed, id. ib. 3, 13:

    itaque et alimenta pueris statuta... et patribus praemia statuta,

    Just. 12, 4, 8:

    ceu Aeolus insanis statuat certamina ventis,

    Stat. Th. 6, 300:

    non hoc statui sub tempore rebus occasum Aeoniis,

    id. ib. 7, 219:

    statuere alicui munera,

    Val. Fl. 2, 566.—
    4.
    With dat. and interrog.-clause:

    cur his quoque statuisti quantum ex hoc genere frumenti darent,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 21, § 53:

    ordo iis quo quisque die supplicarent, statutus,

    Liv. 7, 28, 8.—
    5.
    In partic., of punishment, etc., to decree, measure out, inflict.
    (α).
    With poenam, etc., with or without in and acc. pers. (mostly post-Aug.):

    considerando... in utra (lege) major poena statuatur,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 49, 145:

    poenam statui par fuisse,

    Tac. A. 14, 49:

    qui non judicium, sed poenam statui videbant,

    id. ib. 11, 6:

    eadem poena in Catum Firmium statuitur,

    id. ib. 6, 31:

    senatu universo in socios facinoris ultimam statuente poenam,

    Suet. Caes. 14;

    so with mercedem (= poenam): debuisse gravissimam temeritatis mercedem statui,

    Liv. 39, 55, 3; cf.

    also: Thrasea, non quidquid nocens reus pati mereretur, id egregio sub principe statuendum disseruit,

    Tac. A. 14, 48.— Absol.:

    non debere eripi patribus vim statuendi (sc. poenas),

    Tac. A. 3, 70.—
    (β).
    With indef. obj., generally with in and acc.: aliquid gravius in aliquem, to proceed severely against:

    obsecrare coepit, ne quid gravius in fratrem statueret,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 20:

    fac aliquid gravius in Hejum statuisse Mamertinos,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 9, § 19:

    res monet cavere ab illis magis quam quid in illos statuamus consultare,

    Sall. C. 52, 3:

    qui cum triste aliquid statuit, fit tristis et ipse,

    Ov. P. 2, 2, 119:

    si quid ob eam rem de se crudelius statuerent,

    Just. 2, 15, 10.—
    (γ).
    With a word expressing the kind of punishment (post-Aug.):

    in Pompeiam Sabinam exilium statuitur,

    Tac. A. 6, 24 (18).—
    (δ).
    De capite, to pass sentence of death:

    legem illam praeclaram quae de capite civis Romani nisi comitiis centuriatis statui vetaret,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 36, 61.—
    E.
    Referring to one's own acts, to resolve, determine, purpose, to propose, with inf. (first in Cic.;

    freq. and class.): statuit ab initio et in eo perseveravit, jus publicano non dicere,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 5, 10:

    P. Clodius cum statuisset omni scelere in praetura vexare rem publicam,

    id. Mil. 9, 24:

    statuerat excusare,

    to decline the office, id. Lig. 7, 21:

    cum statuissem scribere ad te aliquid,

    id. Off. 1, 2, 4:

    quod iste certe statuerat et deliberaverat non adesse,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 1:

    se statuisse animum advertere in omnes nauarchos,

    id. ib. 2, 5, 40, §

    105: nam statueram in perpetuum tacere,

    id. Fam. 4, 4, 4:

    statueram... nihil de illo dicere,

    id. Fragm. Clod. 1, 1:

    statueram recta Appia Romam (i. e. venire),

    id. Att. 16, 10, 1:

    Pompeius statuerat bello decertare,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 86: si cedere hinc statuisset, Liv. 44, 39, 7:

    triumphare mense Januario statuerat,

    id. 39, 15:

    immemor sim propositi quo statui non ultra attingere externa nisi qua Romanis cohaererent rebus,

    id. 39, 48:

    rex quamquam dissimulare statuerat,

    id. 42, 21:

    opperiri ibi hostium adventum statuit,

    id. 42, 54, 9:

    ut statuisse non pugnare consules cognitum est,

    id. 2, 45, 9:

    exaugurare fana statuit,

    id. 1, 55, 2:

    Delphos mittere statuit,

    id. 1, 56, 5:

    eos deducere in agros statuerunt,

    id. 40, 38, 2:

    tradere se, ait, moenia statuisse,

    id. 8, 25, 10:

    Samnitium exercitus certamine ultimo fortunam experiri statuit,

    id. 7, 37, 4:

    statuit sic adfectos hosti non obicere,

    id. 44, 36, 2:

    sub idem tempus statuit senatus Carthaginem excidere,

    Vell. 1, 12, 2:

    statui pauca disserere,

    Tac. H. 4, 73:

    amoliri juvenem specie honoris statuit,

    id. A. 2, 42:

    statuerat urbem novam condere,

    Curt. 4, 8, 1:

    statuerat parcere urbi conditae a Cyro,

    id. 7, 6, 20:

    rex statuerat inde abire,

    id. 7, 11, 4:

    Alexander statuerat ex Syria petere Africam,

    id. 10, 1, 17; 10, 5, 24; 5, 27 (9), 13; so,

    statutum habere cum animo ac deliberatum,

    to have firmly and deliberately resolved, Cic. Verr. 2, 3, 41, § 95.—With sic:

    caedis initium fecisset a me, sic enim statuerat,

    id. Phil. 3, 7, 29.—
    F.
    To judge, declare as a judgment, be of opinion, hold (especially of legal opinions), think, consider (always implying the establishment of a principle, or a decided conviction; cf.: existimo, puto, etc.).
    1.
    With acc. and inf.
    a.
    In gen.:

    senatus consulta falsa delata ab eo judicavimus... leges statuimus per vim et contra auspicia latas,

    Cic. Phil. 12, 5, 12:

    statuit senatus hoc ne illi quidem esse licitum cui concesserat omnia,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 35, § 81:

    quin is tamen (judex) statuat fieri non posse ut de isto non severissime judicetur,

    id. ib. 2, 3, 62, §

    144: hujusce rei vos (recuperatores) statuetis nullam esse actionem qui obstiterit armatis hominibus?

    id. Caecin. 13, 39, ut quisquam juris numeretur peritus, qui id statuit esse jus quod non oporteat judicari, who holds that to be the law, id. ib. 24, 68:

    is (Pompeius) se in publico statuit esse non posse,

    id. Pis. 13, 29:

    tu unquam tantam plagam tacitus accipere potuisses, nisi hoc ita statuisses, quidquid dixisses te deterius esse facturum?

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 58, § 133:

    si causa cum causa contenderet, nos nostram perfacile cuivis probaturos statuebamus,

    we were sure, id. Quint. 30, 92:

    non statuit sibi quidquam licere quod non patrem suum facere vidisset,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 90, § 211:

    hi sibi nullam societatem communis utilitatis causa statuunt esse cum civibus,

    assume, id. Off. 3, 6, 28:

    cum igitur statuisset opus esse ad eam rem constituendam pecunia,

    had become convinced, id. ib. 2, 23, 82:

    quo cive neminem ego statuo in hac re publica esse fortiorem,

    id. Planc. 21, 51:

    quam quidem laudem sapientiae statuo esse maximam,

    id. Fam. 5, 13, 1:

    hoc anno statuit temporis esse satis,

    Ov. F. 1, 34:

    nolim statuas me mente maligna id facere,

    Cat. 67, 37.— So with sic:

    velim sic statuas tuas mihi litteras longissimas quasque gratissimas fore,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 33 fin.:

    ego sic statuo a me in hac causa pietatis potius quam defensionis partes esse susceptas,

    I hold, lay down as the principle of my defence, id. Sest. 2, 3:

    quod sic statuit omnino consularem legem nullam putare,

    id. ib. 64, 135:

    sic statuo et judico, neminem tot et tanta habuisse ornamenta dicendi,

    id. Or. 2, 28, 122. —Hence, statui, I have judged, i. e. I know, and statueram, I had judged, i. e. I knew:

    ut ego qui in te satis consilii statuerim esse, mallem Peducaeum tibi consilium dare quam me, ironically,

    Cic. Att. 1, 5, 4:

    qui saepe audissent, nihil esse pulchrius quam Syracusarum moenia, statuerant se, si ea Verre praetore non vidissent, numquam esse visuros,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 36, § 95.—With neutr. pron.:

    si dicam non recte aliquid statuere eos qui consulantur,

    that they hold an erroneous opinion, Cic. Caecin. 24, 68; cf.:

    quis hoc statuit umquam, aut cui concedi potest, ut eum jure potuerit occidere a quo, etc.,

    id. Tull. 24, 56; Quint. 5, 13, 21.—
    b.
    Particularly of a conclusion drawn from circumstances, to judge, infer, conclude; declare (as an inference):

    cum tuto senatum haberi non posse judicavistis, tum statuiistis, etiam intra muros Antonii scelus versari,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 5, 13: quod si aliter statuetis, videte ne hoc vos statuatis, qui vivus decesserit, ei vim non esse factam, id. Caecin. 16, 46:

    quid? si tu ipse statuisti, bona P. Quinctii ex edicto possessa non esse?

    id. Quint. 24, 76:

    ergo ad fidem bonam statuit pertinere notum esse emptori vitium quod nosset venditor,

    id. Off. 3, 16, 67:

    Juppiter esse pium statuit quodcumque juvaret,

    Ov. H. 4, 133.—With neutr. pron.:

    hoc (i. e. litteris Gabinii credendum non esse) statuit senatus cum frequens supplicationem Gabinio denegavit,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 6, 14:

    quod si tum statuit opus esse, quid cum ille decessisset, Flacco existimatis statuendum et faciendum fuisse?

    id. Fl. 12, 29; cf. id. Caecin. 16, 46, supra; so,

    hoc si ita statuetis,

    id. ib. 16, 47.—
    c.
    Esp. with gerund.-clause.
    (α).
    To hold, judge, think, consider, acknowledge, that something must be done, or should have been done:

    tu cum tuos amicos in provinciam quasi in praedam invitabas... non statuebas tibi de illorum factis rationem esse reddendam?

    did you not consider, did it not strike you? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 11, § 29: statuit, si hoc crimen extenuari vellet, nauarchos omnes vita esse privandos, he thought it necessary to deprive, etc., id. ib. 2, 5, 40, §

    103: ut statuas mihi non modo non cedendum, sed etiam tuo auxilio utendum fuisse,

    id. Fam. 5, 2, 10:

    statuebam sic, boni nihil ab illis nugis expectandum,

    id. Sest. 10, 24:

    Antigonus statuit aliquid sibi consilii novi esse capiendum,

    Nep. Eum. 8, 4. —So with opus fuisse:

    ut hoc statuatis oratione longa nihil opus fuisse,

    acknowledge, Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 56: causam sibi dicendam esse statuerat jam ante quam hoc usu venit, knew (cf. a. supra), id. ib. 2, 5, 39, § 101. —
    (β).
    To think that one must do something, to resolve, propose, usu. with dat. pers.:

    manendum mihi statuebam quasi in vigilia quadam consulari ac senatoria,

    Cic. Phil. 1, 1, 1: quae vobis fit injuria si statuimus, vestro nobis judicio standum esse, if we conclude, purpose, to abide, etc., id. Fl. 27, 65:

    ut ea quae statuisses tibi in senatu dicenda, reticeres,

    id. Fam. 5, 2, 1:

    statuit tamen nihil sibi in tantis injuriis gravius faciendum,

    id. Clu. 6, 16:

    Caesar statuit exspectandam classem,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 14:

    non expectandum sibi statuit dum, etc.,

    id. ib. 1, 11:

    quod eo tempore statuerat non esse faciendum,

    id. B. C. 3, 44:

    statuit sibi nihil agitandum,

    Sall. J. 39, 5:

    Metellus statuit alio more bellum gerendum,

    id. ib. 54, 5:

    Laco statuit accuratius sibi agendum cum Pharnabazo,

    Nep. Alcib. 10, 2:

    sororis filios tollendos statuit,

    Just. 38, 1.—
    2.
    With ut:

    si, ut Manilius statuebat, sic est judicatum (= ut judicandum esse statuebat),

    Cic. Caecin. 24, 69:

    ut veteres statuerunt poetae (ut = quod ita esse),

    id. Arat. 267 (33): quae majora auribus accepta sunt quam oculis noscuntur, ut statuit, as he thought, i. e. that those things were greater, etc., Liv. 45, 27:

    cum esset, ut ego mihi statuo, talis qualem te esse video,

    Cic. Mur. 14, 32.—
    3.
    With two acc. (= duco, existimo):

    omnes qui libere de re publica sensimus, statuit ille quidem non inimicos, sed hostes,

    regarded not as adversaries, but as foes, Cic. Phil. 11, 1, 3:

    Anaximenes aera deum statuit,

    id. N. D. 10, 26:

    voluptatem summum bonum statuens,

    id. Off. 1, 2, 5:

    video Lentulum cujus ego parentem deum ac patronum statuo fortunae ac nominis mei,

    id. Sest. 69, 144:

    si rectum statuerimus concedere amicis quidquid velint,

    id. Lael. 11, 38:

    Hieronymus summum bonum statuit non dolere,

    id. Fin. 2, 6, 19:

    noster vero Plato Titanum e genere statuit eos qui... adversentur magistratibus,

    id. Leg. 3, 2, 5:

    decretum postulat, quo justae inter patruos fratrumque filias nuptiae statuerentur,

    Tac. A. 12, 7:

    optimum in praesentia statuit reponere odium,

    id. Agr. 39.— P. a.: stătūtus, a, um, i. e. baculo, propped, leaning on a stick (dub. v. I. C. supra):

    vidistis senem... statutum, ventriosum?

    Plaut. Rud. 2, 2, 11.—Hence, subst.: stătūtum, i, n., a law, decision, determination, statute (late Lat.):

    Dei,

    Lact. 2, 16, 14:

    Parcarum leges ac statuta,

    id. 1, 11, 14:

    statuta Dei et placita,

    id. 7, 25, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > statuo

  • 6 determinar

    v.
    1 to settle, to fix (fijar) (fecha, precio).
    2 to establish, to determine.
    determinar las causas de la muerte to establish o determine the cause of death
    Ella determinó el método She determined the method.
    Ella determina los límites She determines=demarcates the limits.
    El cajero determinó su crédito The cashier ascertained his credit.
    3 to cause, to bring about.
    aquello determinó su dimisión that caused him to resign
    4 to decide.
    determinar hacer algo to decide to do something
    5 to distinguish, to discern.
    no pude determinar quién era I couldn't make out who he was
    6 to determine to, to decide to.
    Ella determinó casarse She determined to get married.
    * * *
    1 (decidir) to resolve, decide, determine
    2 (señalar) to determine
    3 (fijar) to fix, set, appoint
    4 (estipular) to stipulate, specify
    5 (causar) to bring about, cause
    6 (hacer decidir) to make decide, decide
    1 (decidirse) to make up one's mind, decide
    * * *
    verb
    •
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=establecer) to determine

    "precio por determinar" — "price to be agreed"

    determinar el rumbo — (Aer, Náut) to set a course

    el reglamento determina que... — the rule lays down o states that...

    2) (=averiguar) [+ peso, volumen, causa] to determine; [+ daños] to assess
    3) (=motivar) to bring about, cause

    aquello determinó la caída del gobierno — that brought about o caused the fall of the government

    4) (=decidir) to decide
    5) (Ling) to determine
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    1) (establecer, precisar)
    a) ley/contrato to state; persona to determine
    b) ( por deducción) to establish, determine

    determinar las causas del accidente — to determine o establish what caused the accident

    se ha determinado que... — it has been established that...

    2) ( motivar) to cause, bring about
    3)

    determinar + inf — to decide o (frml) determine to + inf

    determinar a alguien a + inf — to make somebody decide to + inf, to decide o determine somebody to + inf (frml)

    * * *
    = determine, establish, fix, work out, have + a say in.
    Ex. This assignment of intellectual responsibility is important, as we have seen earlier, since it determines the heading for the main entry.
    Ex. The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.
    Ex. One of the functions which I have not specified is that the underlying ideology represented by the AACR aims first at fixing a location for an author and then for a work.
    Ex. The details of how the assignment of numbers by authorized agencies would be controlled have yet to be worked out.
    Ex. Native Americans are determined not only to remain in control of their art but also to have a say in how it is interpreted.
    ----
    * determinar el futuro = shape + the future.
    * sin determinar = undefined.
    * volver a determinar = respecify.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo
    1) (establecer, precisar)
    a) ley/contrato to state; persona to determine
    b) ( por deducción) to establish, determine

    determinar las causas del accidente — to determine o establish what caused the accident

    se ha determinado que... — it has been established that...

    2) ( motivar) to cause, bring about
    3)

    determinar + inf — to decide o (frml) determine to + inf

    determinar a alguien a + inf — to make somebody decide to + inf, to decide o determine somebody to + inf (frml)

    * * *
    = determine, establish, fix, work out, have + a say in.

    Ex: This assignment of intellectual responsibility is important, as we have seen earlier, since it determines the heading for the main entry.

    Ex: The intention is to establish a general framework, and then to give exceptions or further explanation and examples for each area in turn.
    Ex: One of the functions which I have not specified is that the underlying ideology represented by the AACR aims first at fixing a location for an author and then for a work.
    Ex: The details of how the assignment of numbers by authorized agencies would be controlled have yet to be worked out.
    Ex: Native Americans are determined not only to remain in control of their art but also to have a say in how it is interpreted.
    * determinar el futuro = shape + the future.
    * sin determinar = undefined.
    * volver a determinar = respecify.

    * * *
    determinar [A1 ]
    vt
    A (establecer, precisar)
    1 «ley/contrato» to state; «persona» to determine
    aún no han determinado las pautas a seguir the guidelines still haven't been determined o laid down
    2 (por deducción) to establish, determine
    determinar las causas del accidente to determine o establish what caused the accident
    de estos datos se puede determinar el costo the cost can be worked out o determined from this information
    se ha determinado que … it has been established that …
    B (motivar) to cause, bring about
    las circunstancias que determinaron la caída del imperio the circumstances which brought about o caused the fall of the empire
    ha determinado un desplazamiento hacia las afueras it has led many people to move o has led to many people moving to the outskirts
    C
    1 (decidir) «persona»: determinar + INF; to decide o ( frml) determine to + INF
    determinaron tomar medidas al respecto they decided o determined to take measures to deal with it
    2 (hacer decidir) determinar a algn A + INF to make sb decide to + INF, to decide o determine sb to + INF ( frml)
    la oposición de sus padres lo determinó a hacerlo his parents' opposition made him decide to do it, his parents' opposition decided o determined him to do it
    to decide
    debes determinarte por una u otra opción you must decide o make up your mind one way or the other
    * * *

     

    determinar ( conjugate determinar) verbo transitivo
    1 (establecer, precisar)
    a) [ley/contrato] to state;

    [ persona] to determine

    2 ( motivar) to cause, bring about
    determinar verbo transitivo
    1 (concretar, especificar) to fix, set
    2 (tomar una decisión) to decide on
    3 (averigurar, aclarar) las causas del secuestro están por determinar, the motives for the kidnapping are still unknown
    4 (condicionar) to determine
    5 (causar) to bring about
    ' determinar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    condicionar
    - pesar
    - precisar
    - repetida
    - repetido
    - establecer
    - navegar
    English:
    determine
    - pin down
    - shape
    - test case
    - trace back
    - date
    - decide
    - diagnose
    - govern
    - means
    - plot
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [fijar] [fecha, precio] to settle on, to fix;
    [lugar] to decide;
    se casarán en fecha aún sin o [m5] por determinar they will marry on a date that has yet to be decided o fixed;
    reuniones para determinar los términos del acuerdo meetings to settle the terms of the agreement;
    según determina la ley,… as stipulated by law,…;
    la normativa de tráfico determina que… traffic regulations state that…
    2. [averiguar] to establish, to determine;
    determinar las causas de la muerte to determine o establish the cause of death;
    el lugar exacto del accidente es difícil de determinar it is difficult to determine o establish the exact spot where the accident occurred;
    determinaron que el accidente se debió a un error humano they established that the accident was the result of human error
    3. [motivar] to cause, to bring about;
    protestas generalizadas determinaron su dimisión widespread protests caused him to resign;
    aquello determinó su decisión that led to his decision
    4. [decidir] to decide;
    determinar hacer algo to decide to do sth;
    la tormenta lo determinó a salir antes the storm made him decide to leave early
    5. [distinguir] to distinguish, to discern;
    no pude determinar quién era I couldn't make out who he was
    6. Der to settle, to decide;
    el juez determinó su ingreso en prisión the judge ordered that he be sent to prison
    * * *
    v/t
    1 ( establecer) determine
    2
    :
    eso me determinó a llamarlo that made me decide to call him
    * * *
    1) : to determine
    2) : to cause, to bring about
    * * *
    1. (fijar) to set [pt. & pp. set] / to fix
    2. (decidir) to decide
    3. (averiguar) to determine

    Spanish-English dictionary > determinar

  • 7 restore

    rə'sto:
    1) (to repair (a building, a painting, a piece of furniture etc) so that it looks as it used to or ought to.) restaurar
    2) (to bring back to a normal or healthy state: The patient was soon restored to health.) restablecer
    3) (to bring or give back: to restore law and order; The police restored the stolen cars to their owners.) restablecer, devolver
    4) (to bring or put (a person) back to a position, rank etc he once had: He was asked to resign but was later restored to his former job as manager.) restablecer
    •
    - restorer
    restore vb restaurar
    tr[rɪ'stɔːSMALLr/SMALL]
    1 (gen) restaurar
    2 (return) devolver
    3 (order) restablecer
    restore [ri'stor] vt, - stored ; - storing
    1) return: volver
    2) reestablish: restablecer
    3) repair: restaurar
    v.
    • devolver v.
    • instaurar v.
    • reanimar v.
    • reintegrar v.
    • renovar v.
    • reparar v.
    • reponer v.
    (§pres: -pongo, -pones...) pret: -pus-
    pp: -puesto
    fut/c: -pondr-•)
    • restablecer v.
    • restaurar v.
    • restituir v.
    • tornar v.
    rɪ'stɔːr, rɪ'stɔː(r)
    1)
    a) (re-establish, bring back) \<\<order/peace\>\> restablecer*; \<\<confidence/health/energy\>\> devolver*; \<\<links/communications\>\> restablecer*; \<\<monarchy/king\>\> restaurar, reinstaurar

    her sight was restored — recuperó or recobró la vista

    to restore somebody TO something: the coup restored him to power el golpe lo colocó nuevamente en el poder; to restore somebody to health devolverle* la salud a alguien; to restore something to life — hacer* revivir algo

    b) ( give back) (frml) \<\<goods/property\>\> restituir* (frml); \<\<money\>\> restituir* (frml), reintegrar (frml)

    to restore something TO somebody — restituir(le)* algo a alguien (frml)

    2) \<\<building/painting\>\> restaurar

    to restore something to its former glory — restituir* algo a su antigua grandeza

    [rɪs'tɔː(r)]
    VT
    1) (=give back) [+ money, possession] devolver, restituir frm

    to restore sth to sb — devolver algo a algn, restituir algo a algn frm

    2) (=re-establish, reinstate) [+ relations, links, order] restablecer; [+ monarch, president, democracy] restaurar; [+ confidence, strength] devolver; [+ tax, law] reimplantar, volver a implantar

    to restore sb to health/life — devolver la salud a algn/reanimar a algn

    3) [+ building, painting, antique] restaurar

    to restore sth to its original state or condition — restituir or devolver algo a su estado original

    * * *
    [rɪ'stɔːr, rɪ'stɔː(r)]
    1)
    a) (re-establish, bring back) \<\<order/peace\>\> restablecer*; \<\<confidence/health/energy\>\> devolver*; \<\<links/communications\>\> restablecer*; \<\<monarchy/king\>\> restaurar, reinstaurar

    her sight was restored — recuperó or recobró la vista

    to restore somebody TO something: the coup restored him to power el golpe lo colocó nuevamente en el poder; to restore somebody to health devolverle* la salud a alguien; to restore something to life — hacer* revivir algo

    b) ( give back) (frml) \<\<goods/property\>\> restituir* (frml); \<\<money\>\> restituir* (frml), reintegrar (frml)

    to restore something TO somebody — restituir(le)* algo a alguien (frml)

    2) \<\<building/painting\>\> restaurar

    to restore something to its former glory — restituir* algo a su antigua grandeza

    English-spanish dictionary > restore

  • 8 lay down

    transitive verb

    lay something down on the table — etwas auf den Tisch legen

    2) (give up) niederlegen [Amt, Waffen]; (deposit) hinterlegen [Geld]

    lay down one's arms — sich ergeben; die Waffen strecken (geh.)

    lay down one's life for something/somebody — sein Leben für etwas/jemanden [hin]geben

    3) (formulate) festlegen [Regeln, Richtlinien, Bedingungen]; aufstellen [Grundsätze, Regeln, Norm]; festsetzen [Preis]; (in a contract, constitution) verankern; niederlegen; see also academic.ru/42004/law">law 1)
    * * *
    1) (to give up: They laid down their arms; The soldiers laid down their lives in the cause of peace.) niederlegen, opfern
    2) (to order or instruct: The rule book lays down what should be done in such a case.) festlegen
    3) (to store: My father laid down a good stock of wine which I am now drinking.) lagern
    * * *
    vt
    1. (place on a surface)
    ▪ to \lay down down ⇆ sth etw hinlegen (on auf + akk)
    to \lay down down one's arms [or weapons] die Waffen niederlegen
    ▪ to \lay down down ⇆ sth etw festlegen; (establish) etw aufstellen
    to \lay down down a time-limit eine Frist setzen
    ▪ it is laid down that... es steht geschrieben, dass...
    4.
    ▶ to \lay down down one's arms sich akk ergeben
    ▶ to \lay down down the law [about sth] ( fam) [über etw akk] Vorschriften machen
    ▶ to \lay down down one's life for sb/sth sein Leben für jdn/etw geben
    ▶ now I \lay down me down to sleep ( fam) müde bin ich, geh' zur Ruh'
    * * *
    vt sep
    1) book, pen etc hinlegen

    he laid his bag down on the table —

    2) (= give up) burden ablegen; office niederlegen
    3) (= impose, establish) condition festsetzen or -legen; policy festsetzen, bestimmen; rules aufstellen, festlegen; price festsetzen, vorschreiben

    it is laid down that — es wurde festgelegt, dass

    4) (= store) lagern
    5) ship auf Stapel legen
    6) deposit hinterlegen
    * * *
    1. hinlegen
    2. ein Amt, die Waffen etc niederlegen:
    lay down one’s tools die Arbeit niederlegen, in den Streik treten
    3. eine Hoffnung aufgeben
    4. sein Leben hingeben, opfern ( beide:
    for für)
    5. a) den Grund legen für
    b) planen, entwerfen
    c) eine Straße etc anlegen
    6. einen Grundsatz etc aufstellen, Regeln etc festlegen, -setzen, vorschreiben, Bedingungen (in einem Vertrag) niederlegen, verankern: → law1 10
    7. Wein etc einlagern
    8. AGR
    a) besäen, bepflanzen
    b) säen, pflanzen
    9. eine Zeichnung etc aufziehen (on auf akk)
    * * *
    transitive verb
    2) (give up) niederlegen [Amt, Waffen]; (deposit) hinterlegen [Geld]

    lay down one's arms — sich ergeben; die Waffen strecken (geh.)

    lay down one's life for something/somebody — sein Leben für etwas/jemanden [hin]geben

    3) (formulate) festlegen [Regeln, Richtlinien, Bedingungen]; aufstellen [Grundsätze, Regeln, Norm]; festsetzen [Preis]; (in a contract, constitution) verankern; niederlegen; see also law 1)
    * * *
    v.
    auf Stapel legen ausdr.
    aufzeichnen v.
    hinlegen v.

    English-german dictionary > lay down

  • 9 fijar

    v.
    1 to fix.
    Ella fijó las velas She fixed the sails.
    Ella fijó su atención She fixed her attention.
    2 to set, to fix (establecer) (fecha, precio).
    fijar el domicilio to take up residence
    fijar la mirada/la atención en to fix one's gaze/attention on
    3 to determine, to define, to establish, to set.
    Ella fijó las reglas She determined the rules.
    * * *
    1 (sujetar) to fix, fasten; (puerta) to hang; (ventana) to put in
    2 (pegar) to stick
    3 (establecer) to set, determine, fix
    4 (en fotografía, química) to fix
    1 (hacerse fijo) to settle
    2 (darse cuenta) to notice
    ■ ¿te fijaste en el color de sus ojos? did you notice the colour of his eyes?
    3 (poner atención) to pay attention, watch
    \
    fijar la vista to stare (en, at)
    fijar los ojos to stare (en, at)
    fijar residencia to take up residence
    ¡fíjate! (just) fancy that!
    'Prohibido fijar carteles' "Post no bills"
    * * *
    verb
    2) establish, set up
    •
    - fijarse en
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) (=sujetar) (tb Fot) to fix; [con clavos] to secure; [con pegamento] to glue; [con chinchetas] to pin up; [+ pelo] to set
    2) (=centrar) [+ atención] to focus (en on)
    [+ ojos] to fix (en on)

    le contestó sin vacilar, fijando la mirada en sus ojos — she answered him directly, looking him straight in the eye

    3) (=determinar) [+ fecha, hora, precio, plazo] to fix, set; [+ límites, servicios mínimos] to establish; [+ condiciones] to lay down

    no hemos fijado aún la fecha de la boda — we haven't fixed o set a date for the wedding yet

    la organización ha fijado tres condiciones para volver a la mesa de negociaciones — the organization laid down three conditions for their return to the negotiating table

    4) [+ residencia] to take up
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) (poner, clavar) to fix
    b) <foto/dibujo> to fix
    2)
    b) <fecha/cifra/precio> to set
    c) reglamento/ley to state

    según fija el reglamento — as stated in o dictated by the regulations

    2.
    fijarse v pron

    si no te fijas en lo que haces, lo vas a hacer mal — if you don't watch o pay attention to what you're doing, you'll do it wrong

    es muy observador, se fija en todo — he's very observant, he notices everything

    b) ( darse cuenta) to notice

    ¿te has fijado en que no discuten nunca? — have you noticed that they never quarrel?

    fíjate qué terrible — it was (o would be etc) awful

    * * *
    = attach, fix, set, brace, fasten together, clamp, lay down, fasten, set forth, clip, peg.
    Ex. In fixed location notation was physically attached to certain places on the shelves and books were always filed in the same place.
    Ex. One of the functions which I have not specified is that the underlying ideology represented by the AACR aims first at fixing a location for an author and then for a work.
    Ex. If no fines are to be charged for a particular combination of borrower and material type, set the maximum fine to zero.
    Ex. The cheeks were braced from their tops to the ceiling, to prevent the press from twisting or shifting about in use.
    Ex. A book is physically a collection of sheets usually paper ones fastened together and protected by a cover which do form a genuine unit.
    Ex. The original is clamped around the left hand cylinder and a special stencil fastened around the other cylinder.
    Ex. A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.
    Ex. The original is clamped around the left hand cylinder and a special stencil fastened around the other cylinder.
    Ex. She sets forth some of the conditions which may have led to this situation in the hope that it may bring about further study.
    Ex. Plastic-covered wire or metal supports are designed to clip firmly to the shelf itself or to the base of the shelf above.
    Ex. As per estimates, the demand for armoured vehicles in the defence forces is pegged at about 2000 vehicles per year.
    ----
    * fijar fecha con antelación = predate.
    * fijar la atención = fix + Posesivo + attention.
    * fijar la mirada = fasten + glance.
    * fijar las especificaciones de algo = set + specifications.
    * fijar precios = price, fix + price.
    * fijar precios altos = price + high.
    * fijar precios bajos = price + low.
    * fijarse = set up + camp.
    * fijarse una meta = set + goal.
    * fijarse una tarea = set + Reflexivo + task.
    * fijarse un objetivo = set + goal.
    * fijar una nota en un sitio público = post.
    * fijar un color = fix + colour.
    * fijar un límite = set + cut-off point.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) (poner, clavar) to fix
    b) <foto/dibujo> to fix
    2)
    b) <fecha/cifra/precio> to set
    c) reglamento/ley to state

    según fija el reglamento — as stated in o dictated by the regulations

    2.
    fijarse v pron

    si no te fijas en lo que haces, lo vas a hacer mal — if you don't watch o pay attention to what you're doing, you'll do it wrong

    es muy observador, se fija en todo — he's very observant, he notices everything

    b) ( darse cuenta) to notice

    ¿te has fijado en que no discuten nunca? — have you noticed that they never quarrel?

    fíjate qué terrible — it was (o would be etc) awful

    * * *
    = attach, fix, set, brace, fasten together, clamp, lay down, fasten, set forth, clip, peg.

    Ex: In fixed location notation was physically attached to certain places on the shelves and books were always filed in the same place.

    Ex: One of the functions which I have not specified is that the underlying ideology represented by the AACR aims first at fixing a location for an author and then for a work.
    Ex: If no fines are to be charged for a particular combination of borrower and material type, set the maximum fine to zero.
    Ex: The cheeks were braced from their tops to the ceiling, to prevent the press from twisting or shifting about in use.
    Ex: A book is physically a collection of sheets usually paper ones fastened together and protected by a cover which do form a genuine unit.
    Ex: The original is clamped around the left hand cylinder and a special stencil fastened around the other cylinder.
    Ex: A table is set up in a classroom, books are laid out on it by pupil 'shop assistants' supervised by a rota of teachers, and regular opening hours are laid down and adhered to.
    Ex: The original is clamped around the left hand cylinder and a special stencil fastened around the other cylinder.
    Ex: She sets forth some of the conditions which may have led to this situation in the hope that it may bring about further study.
    Ex: Plastic-covered wire or metal supports are designed to clip firmly to the shelf itself or to the base of the shelf above.
    Ex: As per estimates, the demand for armoured vehicles in the defence forces is pegged at about 2000 vehicles per year.
    * fijar fecha con antelación = predate.
    * fijar la atención = fix + Posesivo + attention.
    * fijar la mirada = fasten + glance.
    * fijar las especificaciones de algo = set + specifications.
    * fijar precios = price, fix + price.
    * fijar precios altos = price + high.
    * fijar precios bajos = price + low.
    * fijarse = set up + camp.
    * fijarse una meta = set + goal.
    * fijarse una tarea = set + Reflexivo + task.
    * fijarse un objetivo = set + goal.
    * fijar una nota en un sitio público = post.
    * fijar un color = fix + colour.
    * fijar un límite = set + cut-off point.

    * * *
    fijar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    1 (poner, clavar) ‹poste› to fix
    fija bien la estantería a la pared fix the shelving securely to the wall
    [ S ] prohibido fijar carteles stick no bills
    fijó la mirada en el horizonte she fixed her gaze on the horizon
    conviene fijar la atención en este punto it's important to focus our attention on this point
    había fijado la mente en el pasado he had focused his mind on the past
    2 ‹foto/dibujo› to fix
    1 ‹residencia›
    fijaron su residencia en París they established their residence o took up residence in Paris
    2 (concretar) ‹fecha/cifra› to set
    ya han fijado la fecha they've already set o fixed the date
    todavía no hemos fijado el precio we still haven't agreed (on) a price
    de acuerdo con la política fijada por el partido in accordance with the policy set o established by the party
    3 «reglamento/ley» to state
    la ley fija que … the law states that …
    según fija el reglamento as stated in o dictated by the regulations
    1
    (prestar atención): fíjate bien en el palacio, es una obra de arte take a good look at the palace, it's a work of art
    es muy observador, se fija en todo he's very observant, he notices everything
    fíjate bien en cómo lo hace watch carefully how she does it
    si no te fijas, lo vas a volver a hacer mal if you don't watch what you're doing, you're going to do it wrong again
    2 (darse cuenta) to notice
    ¿te has fijado en que no discuten nunca? have you noticed that o how they never quarrel?
    en seguida se fijó en ella he noticed her immediately
    ¡fíjate lo que ha crecido! just look how she's grown!
    fíjate qué faena, se lo robaron todo can you imagine how awful? they stole everything he had
    estarás contenta con el regalo — ¡fíjate! you must be pleased with the present — you bet! ( colloq)
    * * *

     

    fijar ( conjugate fijar) verbo transitivo
    1
    a) (poner, clavar) ‹poste/estantería› to fix;

    ( on signs) prohibido fijar carteles stick no bills;

    b) ‹atención/mente› to focus

    2
    a) ‹ residencia› to take up, establish (frml)

    b) ‹fecha/cifra/precio› to set

    c) [reglamento/ley] to state

    fijarse verbo pronominal


    fíjate en lo que haces watch o pay attention to what you're doing

    ◊ ¿te has fijado en que no discuten nunca? have you noticed that they never quarrel?;

    ¡fíjate lo que ha crecido! just look how she's grown!
    fijar verbo transitivo
    1 to fix: se prohíbe fijar carteles, (en letrero) post no bills
    2 (la atención, los ojos, etc) fijar la vista en algo, to fix one's eyes on
    3 (acordar, establecer) to set: fija el día y la hora, set a date
    ' fijar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    cartel
    - prohibida
    - prohibido
    - sujetar
    - tasar
    - asegurar
    - residencia
    - señalar
    English:
    anchor
    - appoint
    - arrange
    - attention span
    - fasten
    - fix
    - name
    - peg
    - post
    - set
    - settle
    - stick up
    - tack down
    - affix
    - mount
    - sort
    - time
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [asegurar, sujetar] to fix (a o en onto); [cartel] to stick up;
    [sello] to stick on;
    fijaron las patas al suelo con clavos they nailed the legs to the floor;
    prohibido fijar carteles [en letrero] stick o post no bills
    2. [establecer] to fix;
    se fijaron como objetivo acabar el año con beneficios they set themselves the target of ending the year in profit;
    fijar la mirada/la atención en to fix one's gaze/attention on
    3. [fecha, precio] to set, to fix
    4. [significado] to establish;
    fijar el domicilio to take up residence
    * * *
    v/t
    1 espejo, balda fix; cartel stick
    3 residencia establish
    4 atención focus
    * * *
    fijar vt
    1) : to fasten, to affix
    2) establecer: to establish, to set up
    3) concretar: to set, to fix
    fijar la fecha: to set the date
    * * *
    fijar vb
    1. (determinar) to fix / to set [pt. & pp. set]
    2. (poner) to put up [pt. & pp. put] / to stick [pt. & pp. stuck]
    "prohibido fijar carteles" "stick no bills"
    3. (dirigir) to focus / to turn
    fijar la mirada / fijar la vista to stare

    Spanish-English dictionary > fijar

  • 10 Geltung

    f; nur Sg.
    1. (Gültigkeit) validity; Geltung haben Gesetz etc.: be valid; (anwendbar sein) be applicable ( für to); (akzeptiert sein) be accepted oder recognized ( bei by); einem Gesetz / einer Maßnahme etc. Geltung verschaffen enforce a law / measure etc. ( bei [up]on); einer Ansicht etc. Geltung verschaffen get a view etc. (generally) accepted ( bei by)
    2. (Wichtigkeit) importance; einer Person: auch prestige; (Achtung) respect, recognition; (Wert) value; Geltung erlangen gain acceptance ( Ansehen: recognition); Geltung haben carry (a great deal of) weight ( bei with); an Geltung verlieren lose its importance; Person: lose prestige; zur Geltung bringen (Einfluss etc.) bring to bear; (hervorheben) accentuate, bring out; zur Geltung kommen (begin to) tell, be ( oder make itself) felt; Einfluss etc.: come into play; (herausragen) stand out; (wirkungsvoll erscheinen) be (very) effective, show to advantage; das Bild kommt dort nicht richtig zur Geltung the picture’s in the wrong place (there); er kam in der Masse nicht zur Geltung he got lost ( oder was barely noticeable) in the crowd; sich (Dat) Geltung verschaffen assert o.s.; (Ansehen gewinnen) gain prestige; (Bedeutung erlangen) gain importance
    * * *
    die Geltung
    (Ansehen) prestige; prestigiousness;
    (Bedeutung) importance; value;
    (Gültigkeit) prevalence; validity
    * * *
    Gẹl|tung ['gɛltʊŋ]
    f -, -en
    (= Gültigkeit) validity; (von Münzen) currency; (= Wert) value, worth; (= Einfluss) influence; (= Ansehen) prestige

    Geltung haben — to have validity; (Münzen) to be legal tender, to have currency; (Gesetz) to be in force; (Preise) to be effective; (Auffassung etc) to be prevalent

    etw zur Geltung bringen — to show sth (off) to advantage; (durch Kontrast) to set sth off

    zur Geltung kommen — to show to advantage; (durch Kontrast) to be set off

    * * *
    Gel·tung
    <-, -en>
    f
    1. (Gültigkeit) validity no indef art, no pl
    allgemeine \Geltung haben to have general application
    unmittelbare \Geltung immediate validity
    \Geltung erlangen/haben to become/be valid
    2. (Ansehen) prestige no indef art, no pl
    etw zur \Geltung bringen to show off sep sth to [its] advantage
    \Geltung haben [o besitzen] to have influence
    [voll] zur \Geltung kommen to be shown to [one's/its fullest] advantage
    sich/jdm \Geltung verschaffen to establish one's position/to enforce sth
    * * *
    die; Geltung
    1) (Gültigkeit) validity

    Geltung haben — < banknote, coin> be legal tender; <law, regulation, agreement> be in force; < price> be effective

    2) (Wirkung) recognition

    jemandem/sich/einer Sache Geltung verschaffen — gain or win recognition for somebody/oneself/something

    an Geltung verlieren — <value, principle, etc.> lose its importance, become less important

    zur Geltung kommen — show to [its best] advantage

    * * *
    Geltung f; nur sg
    1. (Gültigkeit) validity;
    Geltung haben Gesetz etc: be valid; (anwendbar sein) be applicable (
    für to); (akzeptiert sein) be accepted oder recognized (
    bei by);
    einem Gesetz/einer Maßnahme etc
    Geltung verschaffen enforce a law/measure etc (
    bei [up]on);
    Geltung verschaffen get a view etc (generally) accepted (
    bei by)
    2. (Wichtigkeit) importance; einer Person: auch prestige; (Achtung) respect, recognition; (Wert) value;
    Geltung erlangen gain acceptance ( Ansehen: recognition);
    Geltung haben carry (a great deal of) weight (
    bei with);
    an Geltung verlieren lose its importance; Person: lose prestige;
    zur Geltung bringen (Einfluss etc) bring to bear; (hervorheben) accentuate, bring out;
    zur Geltung kommen (begin to) tell, be ( oder make itself) felt; Einfluss etc: come into play; (herausragen) stand out; (wirkungsvoll erscheinen) be (very) effective, show to advantage;
    das Bild kommt dort nicht richtig zur Geltung the picture’s in the wrong place (there);
    er kam in der Masse nicht zur Geltung he got lost ( oder was barely noticeable) in the crowd;
    sich (dat)
    Geltung verschaffen assert o.s.; (Ansehen gewinnen) gain prestige; (Bedeutung erlangen) gain importance
    * * *
    die; Geltung
    1) (Gültigkeit) validity

    Geltung haben — <banknote, coin> be legal tender; <law, regulation, agreement> be in force; < price> be effective

    2) (Wirkung) recognition

    jemandem/sich/einer Sache Geltung verschaffen — gain or win recognition for somebody/oneself/something

    an Geltung verlieren — <value, principle, etc.> lose its importance, become less important

    zur Geltung kommen — show to [its best] advantage

    * * *
    -en f.
    importance n.
    prestigiousness n.
    validity n.
    value n.
    worth n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Geltung

  • 11 ilegal

    adj.
    illegal.
    * * *
    1 illegal
    * * *
    adj.
    * * *
    ADJ illegal, unlawful
    * * *
    adjetivo <venta/comercio> illegal, unlawful; <inmigrante/huelga> illegal
    * * *
    = illicit, pirated, illegal, bootleg, back-street, piratical, wrongful, unlicensed, fly-by-night, against the law.
    Ex. The commandment KOLN see COLOGNE should be sufficient cause for the rejection of the illicit proposal to establish OPERA -- KOLN.
    Ex. Beadle and Adams of New York's 'dime and nickel novels' included both new books and pirated English novels retailing as paperbacks at 10 cents a volume.
    Ex. The closed shop (an industry or organization in which employers may hire only union members) is illegal, as is the union shop (where union membership is mandatory for all employees included in a bargaining unit).
    Ex. Sometimes described as a ' bootleg' preacher, Will Campbell professes a great love and affection for Country Music.
    Ex. Women should be free to have legal abortions so that they are not 'forced' to go to ' back-street' abortionists.
    Ex. Their secondary aim was to print piratical, scurrilous and bawdy material for the people of Dublin.
    Ex. Something must be done to resolve freelance authors' rights to remuneration for wrongful use of their property.
    Ex. Loan sharks are unlicensed lenders, they operate illegally and away from any sort of regulation that governs the financial industry.
    Ex. What I was reading about looked like a really genuine and reliable way of earning good money that didn't involve some fly-by-night, get-rich-quick scheme.
    Ex. Is it not against the law to release a drunk back into society who may be still under the infuence?.
    ----
    * bebida alcohólica ilegal = moonshine.
    * caza ilegal = poaching.
    * declarar ilegal = outlaw.
    * destilería ilegal = moonshine still.
    * droga ilegal = illicit drug.
    * entrada ilegal = trespassing.
    * fabricante ilegal de bebidas alcohólicas = moonshiner.
    * inmigración ilegal = illegal immigration.
    * inmigrante ilegal = illegal alien.
    * ocupación ilegal = squat, squatting.
    * prácticas ilegales = unlawful practices.
    * reproducción ilegal de libros = book piracy.
    * ser ilegal = be against the law.
    * sustancia ilegal = illegal substance.
    * tráfico ilegal de drogas = illicit drug trafficking.
    * vendedor ilegal de bebidas alcohólicas = moonshiner.
    * * *
    adjetivo <venta/comercio> illegal, unlawful; <inmigrante/huelga> illegal
    * * *
    = illicit, pirated, illegal, bootleg, back-street, piratical, wrongful, unlicensed, fly-by-night, against the law.

    Ex: The commandment KOLN see COLOGNE should be sufficient cause for the rejection of the illicit proposal to establish OPERA -- KOLN.

    Ex: Beadle and Adams of New York's 'dime and nickel novels' included both new books and pirated English novels retailing as paperbacks at 10 cents a volume.
    Ex: The closed shop (an industry or organization in which employers may hire only union members) is illegal, as is the union shop (where union membership is mandatory for all employees included in a bargaining unit).
    Ex: Sometimes described as a ' bootleg' preacher, Will Campbell professes a great love and affection for Country Music.
    Ex: Women should be free to have legal abortions so that they are not 'forced' to go to ' back-street' abortionists.
    Ex: Their secondary aim was to print piratical, scurrilous and bawdy material for the people of Dublin.
    Ex: Something must be done to resolve freelance authors' rights to remuneration for wrongful use of their property.
    Ex: Loan sharks are unlicensed lenders, they operate illegally and away from any sort of regulation that governs the financial industry.
    Ex: What I was reading about looked like a really genuine and reliable way of earning good money that didn't involve some fly-by-night, get-rich-quick scheme.
    Ex: Is it not against the law to release a drunk back into society who may be still under the infuence?.
    * bebida alcohólica ilegal = moonshine.
    * caza ilegal = poaching.
    * declarar ilegal = outlaw.
    * destilería ilegal = moonshine still.
    * droga ilegal = illicit drug.
    * entrada ilegal = trespassing.
    * fabricante ilegal de bebidas alcohólicas = moonshiner.
    * inmigración ilegal = illegal immigration.
    * inmigrante ilegal = illegal alien.
    * ocupación ilegal = squat, squatting.
    * prácticas ilegales = unlawful practices.
    * reproducción ilegal de libros = book piracy.
    * ser ilegal = be against the law.
    * sustancia ilegal = illegal substance.
    * tráfico ilegal de drogas = illicit drug trafficking.
    * vendedor ilegal de bebidas alcohólicas = moonshiner.

    * * *
    ‹venta/comercio› illegal, unlawful; ‹inmigrante› illegal; ‹huelga› illegal
    funciona de manera ilegal it operates illegally
    la importación de ese tipo de artículo es ilegal it is illegal o against the law to import that type of article
    * * *

    ilegal adjetivo
    illegal;

    ilegal adjetivo illegal

    ' ilegal' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    compinche
    - desaguisado
    - enredar
    - importación
    - ocupante
    - pirata
    - tapadera
    - falluca
    - furtivo
    English:
    against
    - illegal
    - insider dealing
    - insider trading
    - law
    - lawful
    - squatter
    - squatting
    - stranglehold
    - tapping
    - tighten up
    - unlawful
    - wetback
    - outlaw
    * * *
    ♦ adj
    illegal;
    de forma ilegal illegally
    ♦ nmf
    [inmigrante] illegal immigrant, US illegal; [trabajador] illegal worker, US illegal
    * * *
    adj illegal
    * * *
    ilegal adj
    : illegal, unlawful
    ♦ ilegalmente adv
    ilegal nmf, CA, Mex : illegal alien
    * * *
    ilegal adj illegal

    Spanish-English dictionary > ilegal

  • 12 liberar

    v.
    1 to liberate.
    liberar a alguien de algo to free somebody from something
    Ellos liberaron al prisionero They liberated the prisoner.
    2 to untie.
    3 to let free, to free, to unlock.
    Ellos liberaron al reo They let the jailbird free.
    Ellos liberaron sus pasiones They freed their passions.
    4 to release, to clean.
    La corte libera a Ricardo The court releases Richard.
    * * *
    1 (persona, animal) to free; (país, ciudad) to liberate
    2 (energía) to release
    \
    liberar a alguien de algo to free somebody from something
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    1. VT
    1) [+ rehén] to free, release; [+ país, pueblo] to liberate
    2)

    liberar a algn de — [+ carga, obligación] to free sb of o from; [+ peligro] to save sb from

    3) (Econ) [+ precios] to deregulate; [+ acción] to pay in full; [+ deuda] to release; [+ tipo de cambio] to float
    4) [+ energía, oxígeno] to release
    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <preso/rehén> to release, free; <pueblo/país> to liberate
    2) < precios> to deregulate; <recursos/fondos> to release
    3) <energía/calor> to release
    2.
    liberarse v pron

    liberarse de algo — de ataduras/deudas to free oneself from something

    * * *
    = emancipate, free, release, relieve, liberate, set + free, discharge, disencumber, vent, enfranchise.
    Ex. Regardless of whether automation emancipates the library itself from reliance on cataloging data, we recognize our responsibility to meet the needs of libraries that cannot take advantage of the new technology.
    Ex. Habitualized actions, they further suggest, become embedded in human behavior and free the individual from the burden of repetitive decision-making.
    Ex. If you press the shift key again to return the keyboard to the unshifted (lowercase) condition, the lock is then released.
    Ex. This enabled them to re-establish their own identities and relieved them of the incidence of getting involved in 'library business'.
    Ex. I hope this new technology somehow will liberate us from the drudge work.
    Ex. When studied first at Dongwu University, I was most gratified by its well-stocked library and had the feeling of a caged bird set free to fly into the vast sky.
    Ex. By the beginning of the nineteenth century many British printers had come to rely for most of their work on relays of apprentices, who were simply discharged at the end of their terms and replaced by new apprentices.
    Ex. The novel disencumbers us of the baggage that we usually bring to the scene of human suffering.
    Ex. Mount Etna in Sicily is currently venting white steam clouds.
    Ex. There were a total 1713 manumissions, 250 manumitted by colonial law and the remainder had been enfranchised by persons in England.
    ----
    * conseguir liberarse de = secure + relief from.
    * liberar a uno de = take off + Posesivo + back.
    * liberar de = lift from, discharge from.
    * liberar de hacer Algo = take + Nombre + out of + Posesivo + hands.
    * liberar del exceso de trabajo = relieve + overload.
    * liberar de trabajo = relieve + pressure.
    * liberar de una tarea = relieve of + task.
    * liberar energía = blow off + steam, let off + steam.
    * liberar horas = time off.
    * liberar recursos = free up + resources.
    * liberarse de = extricate + Reflexivo + from, shed, be free from, escape + the shackles of, break + free of, shake off, break + loose from.
    * liberarse de Alguien/Algo = get + Nombre + off + Posesivo + back.
    * liberarse del yugo de = throw off + the yoke of, cast off + the yoke of.
    * liberar tensión = release + tension, relieve + tension.
    * liberar tiempo = free up + time.
    * liberar vapor = blow off + steam, let off + steam.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo transitivo
    1)
    a) <preso/rehén> to release, free; <pueblo/país> to liberate
    2) < precios> to deregulate; <recursos/fondos> to release
    3) <energía/calor> to release
    2.
    liberarse v pron

    liberarse de algo — de ataduras/deudas to free oneself from something

    * * *
    = emancipate, free, release, relieve, liberate, set + free, discharge, disencumber, vent, enfranchise.

    Ex: Regardless of whether automation emancipates the library itself from reliance on cataloging data, we recognize our responsibility to meet the needs of libraries that cannot take advantage of the new technology.

    Ex: Habitualized actions, they further suggest, become embedded in human behavior and free the individual from the burden of repetitive decision-making.
    Ex: If you press the shift key again to return the keyboard to the unshifted (lowercase) condition, the lock is then released.
    Ex: This enabled them to re-establish their own identities and relieved them of the incidence of getting involved in 'library business'.
    Ex: I hope this new technology somehow will liberate us from the drudge work.
    Ex: When studied first at Dongwu University, I was most gratified by its well-stocked library and had the feeling of a caged bird set free to fly into the vast sky.
    Ex: By the beginning of the nineteenth century many British printers had come to rely for most of their work on relays of apprentices, who were simply discharged at the end of their terms and replaced by new apprentices.
    Ex: The novel disencumbers us of the baggage that we usually bring to the scene of human suffering.
    Ex: Mount Etna in Sicily is currently venting white steam clouds.
    Ex: There were a total 1713 manumissions, 250 manumitted by colonial law and the remainder had been enfranchised by persons in England.
    * conseguir liberarse de = secure + relief from.
    * liberar a uno de = take off + Posesivo + back.
    * liberar de = lift from, discharge from.
    * liberar de hacer Algo = take + Nombre + out of + Posesivo + hands.
    * liberar del exceso de trabajo = relieve + overload.
    * liberar de trabajo = relieve + pressure.
    * liberar de una tarea = relieve of + task.
    * liberar energía = blow off + steam, let off + steam.
    * liberar horas = time off.
    * liberar recursos = free up + resources.
    * liberarse de = extricate + Reflexivo + from, shed, be free from, escape + the shackles of, break + free of, shake off, break + loose from.
    * liberarse de Alguien/Algo = get + Nombre + off + Posesivo + back.
    * liberarse del yugo de = throw off + the yoke of, cast off + the yoke of.
    * liberar tensión = release + tension, relieve + tension.
    * liberar tiempo = free up + time.
    * liberar vapor = blow off + steam, let off + steam.

    * * *
    liberar [A1 ]
    vt
    A
    1 ‹preso› to free, release, set … free; ‹pueblo/país› to liberate
    los secuestradores liberaron a su rehén the kidnappers freed o released their hostage
    la policía logró liberar a los rehenes the police managed to free the hostages
    para liberarlo de preocupaciones sobre su futuro to save him worrying about his future, to free him of worries about his future
    esto me libera de todo compromiso this frees o absolves me from all obligation
    B
    1 ‹precios› to deregulate
    2 ‹recursos/fondos› to release
    C ‹energía/calor› to release
    liberarse DE algo:
    intentó liberarse de las ataduras she attempted to get free of o to free herself from the ropes
    es incapaz de liberarse de los prejuicios he's unable to rid himself of o get rid of his prejudices
    para liberarse de las deudas to free themselves of o from the burden of their debts
    * * *

     

    liberar ( conjugate liberar) verbo transitivo
    a) ‹prisionero/rehén› to release, free;

    ‹pueblo/país› to liberate
    b) ( de una obligación) liberar a algn de algo to free sb from sth

    liberarse verbo pronominal liberarse de algo ‹de ataduras/deudas› to free oneself from sth
    liberar vtr (de un invasor, opresor, etc) to liberate
    (sacar de la cárcel) to free, release
    ' liberar' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    librar
    English:
    deliver
    - discharge
    - exonerate
    - free
    - let out
    - liberate
    - release
    - relieve
    - set
    - unclench
    - unleash
    * * *
    ♦ vt
    1. [ciudad, país] to liberate;
    [rehén, prisionero] to free
    2. [de compromiso]
    liberar a alguien de algo to free sb from sth
    3. [emitir] to release, to give off
    * * *
    v/t (set) free, release; país liberate; energia release
    * * *
    : to liberate, to free
    * * *
    liberar vb (preso) to free

    Spanish-English dictionary > liberar

  • 13 contra

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin. —
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin. —
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra

  • 14 contra dicta

    contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.
    I.
    Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).
    A.
    Local.
    1.
    Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.
    a.
    With verb of being or position expressed or understood.
    (α).
    Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):

    feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,

    Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:

    ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,

    id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:

    signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,

    Liv. 1, 18, 8:

    stat contra starique jubet,

    Juv. 3, 290:

    stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!

    Mart. 1, 55, 12:

    ulmus erat contra,

    in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:

    templa vides contra,

    in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:

    contra conserta manu,

    Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—
    (β).
    Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):

    contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,

    Manil. 2, 253:

    posita contra Hispania,

    Tac. Agr. 11:

    promuntorium quod contra procedit,

    Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:

    arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,

    face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:

    jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),

    side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—
    b.
    With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.
    (α).
    Referring to persons:

    accede ad me atque adi contra,

    come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):

    adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,

    Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:

    contra adspicere,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:

    contra intueri,

    Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:

    cum veniret contra Marcianus,

    Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—
    (β).
    Of things:

    hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,

    Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:

    quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,

    Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—
    2.
    Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,
    (α).
    In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:

    aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,

    at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—
    (β).
    In post-Aug. prose (very rare):

    at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    3.
    Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,

    Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:

    quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,

    id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:

    qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,

    make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:

    si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),

    Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:

    audi nunc contra jam,

    listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:

    at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,

    you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:

    Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,

    Liv. 1, 28, 1:

    contra ut me diligat illa,

    Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:

    cui latrans contra senex,

    Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:

    scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,

    Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—

    Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,

    Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:

    contra talia reddit,

    Claud. B. Gild. 379.—
    (β).
    With dat. pers.:

    consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,

    Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:

    facere contra huic aegre,

    Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:

    hiscine contra insidiabere?

    id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:

    tibi contra gratiam Referre,

    id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—
    (γ).
    With item:

    item a me contra factum est,

    Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:

    puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,

    id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—
    (δ).
    Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;

    Consonat terra,

    Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:

    confer gradum Contra pariter,

    id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:

    video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,

    id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:

    vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!

    Cat. 62, 6.—
    (ε).
    Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:

    si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,

    what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:

    si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;

    Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,

    to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:

    agedum pauca accipe contra,

    Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:

    Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,

    Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:

    oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:

    dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?

    id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.
    B.
    Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.
    1.
    Of physical exertion.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,

    struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:

    nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,

    bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:

    at ille contra nititur,

    resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:

    pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,

    rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,

    Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:

    et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,

    Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—
    2.
    Of mental exertion:

    si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,

    arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:

    siti contra... pugnandum,

    Cels. 4, 2 fin. —
    3.
    Of hostile opposition in gen.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,

    who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:

    contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,

    something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,

    Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—
    4.
    Of warfare.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,

    Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:

    quid quod exercitum contra duxit?

    Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:

    ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,

    if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:

    issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,

    Liv. 7, 39, 17:

    cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,

    would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:

    et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,

    Tac. A. 11, 10.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,

    Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—
    5.
    Of legal contests.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—
    (β).
    Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:

    quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?

    if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—
    (γ).
    On the part of the adversary:

    inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,

    Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—
    (δ).
    Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:

    ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,

    given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—
    6.
    Of literary opposition.
    (α).
    Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—
    (β).
    With other verbs:

    astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,

    Lucr. 5, 728:

    contra nunc illud pone, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:

    habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,

    some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—
    7.
    Of public and political opposition.
    (α).
    With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—
    (β).
    With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:

    nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,

    no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:

    honores contra petere,

    Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:

    pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,

    Tac. A. 14, 45.—
    8.
    Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:

    si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,

    and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—
    9.
    With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).
    a.
    Absol.
    (α).
    Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:

    cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,

    would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:

    hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,

    id. Caecin. 33, 97:

    dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,

    id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:

    contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—
    (β).
    To make charges against (rare):

    si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,

    Cic. Clu. 48, 134:

    qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,

    id. Quint. 29, 88; so,

    contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,

    id. Fl. 21, 51.—
    (γ).
    In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:

    fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,

    contra disputare and contra scribere,

    id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:

    nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,

    Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:

    ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,

    to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—
    (δ).
    To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:

    quam palam principes dixerunt contra!

    protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:

    cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:

    filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:

    contradicente nullo,

    Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—
    (ε).
    To reply:

    contradixit edicto,

    answered by an edict, Suet. Aug. 56. —
    (ζ).
    Abl. absol. impers.:

    explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,

    whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—
    b.
    With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:

    ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,

    Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:

    ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,

    id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:

    aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,

    id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:

    ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),

    refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:

    quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,

    id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:

    seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,

    or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:

    dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,

    the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—
    c.
    With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    To oppose a person by speaking against his views:

    solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,

    to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:

    tibi,

    Suet. Aug. 54:

    Curioni...,

    id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:

    volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,

    my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—
    (β).
    To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:

    cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,

    opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—
    (γ).
    To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:

    patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,

    the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:

    cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,

    Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—
    (δ).
    With dat. of the petition:

    preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,

    which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—
    (ε).
    To contest the validity of a law (rare):

    quibus (legibus) contradici potest,

    Quint. 7, 7, 4.—
    (ζ).
    To contradict an assertion (very rare):

    pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,

    Quint. 5, 10, 13.—
    d.
    With quin, to object:

    praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,

    there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.
    C.
    To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;

    but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,

    Quint. 7, 3, 14:

    cum verba (legis) contra sint,

    id. 7, 1, 49:

    sed experimentum contra fuit,

    unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:

    ubi fortuna contra fuit,

    id. ib. 3, 18:

    si fortuna contra daret,

    should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.
    D.
    Of logical opposition, with negative force.
    1.
    Of a direct contrast.
    a.
    Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:

    quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,

    but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:

    in stultitia contra est,

    with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:

    in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),

    id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:

    quod contra est,

    Sall. J. 85, 21:

    quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:

    contra fore si, etc.,

    ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:

    immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),

    ib. 41, 3, 49:

    ego contra puto (i. e. esse),

    Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—
    b.
    With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:

    utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,

    of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:

    id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),

    id. Att. 10, 8, 2:

    contra evenit in iis morbis,

    Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:

    ego contra sentio,

    Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:

    Proculus contra (sc. sentit),

    ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:

    licet Celsus contra scribat,

    ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:

    cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,

    interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —
    c.
    Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.
    (α).
    To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:

    nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;

    quod contra, id turpe,

    id. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    sit sapienter usus aut contra,

    Quint. 2, 5, 15:

    lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),

    Col. 11, 3, 25.—
    (β).
    To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:

    ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,

    improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:

    quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,

    id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—
    (γ).
    To a verbal predicate:

    an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),

    Dig. 34, 5, 19.—
    (δ).
    To a subject infinitive:

    laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,

    praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—
    (ε).
    To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:

    quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,

    those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;

    mihi contra,

    id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—
    (ζ).
    To an attributive genitive:

    Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),

    Sall. J. 88, 2:

    verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),

    Quint. 2, 4, 21:

    alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,

    the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;

    so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,

    Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—
    2.
    Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.
    a.
    With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;

    Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,

    Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:

    quae etiam contra valent,

    i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—
    b.
    Belonging to the same predicate:

    ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,

    Cic. Or. 36, 123:

    cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,

    Dig. 35, 2, 48:

    in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,

    Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:

    junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,

    id. 1, 5, 68:

    ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,

    but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:

    itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,

    Cic. Or. 42, 143:

    qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,

    or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.
    E.
    In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).
    1.
    In independent clauses.
    a.
    Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:

    ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,

    Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:

    ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,

    id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:

    in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,

    Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:

    contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?

    Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;

    so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,

    Just. 13, 1, 7.—
    b.
    Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;

    contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;

    nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,

    Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:

    justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,

    Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:

    si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,

    Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—
    2.
    In opposition to a dependent clause:

    ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:

    cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,

    Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:

    cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,

    Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:

    at contra,

    Lucr. 2, 392.—
    3.
    With co-ordinate conjunctions.
    a.
    Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.
    (α).
    With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:

    malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,

    id. ib. 2, 7, 23:

    cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,

    Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:

    itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,

    Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:

    nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,

    Quint. 10, 2, 22.—
    (β).
    With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:

    audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,

    Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:

    ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,

    id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—
    (γ).
    With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:

    atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!

    Cic. Balb. 22, 51:

    domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,

    Dig. 13, 7, 21:

    equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,

    Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—
    (δ).
    After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:

    in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,

    Cic. Sull. 7, 21:

    nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,

    id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,

    et contra,

    Suet. Tit. 7.—
    b.
    With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).
    (α).
    At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;

    At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,

    Lucr. 2, 400:

    cogunt,

    id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;

    at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:

    ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—
    (β).
    Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):

    non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,

    Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:

    arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,

    Liv. 45, 18, 1:

    tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,

    Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:

    obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,

    Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—
    (γ).
    Contra autem (rare;

    in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,

    Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:

    sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,

    Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—
    (δ).
    Contra vero (very rare;

    not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,

    Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —
    (ε).
    Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—
    c.
    With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).
    (α).
    Aut contra:

    num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?

    Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:

    si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,

    Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—
    (β).
    Vel contra:

    hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?

    Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—
    (γ).
    Seu contra:

    seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,

    Prop. 1, 11, 25.—
    d.
    With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;

    never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,

    Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —
    4.
    In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,
    (α).
    In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):

    aliis vero econtra videtur,

    Hier. Ep. 12.—
    (β).
    Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):

    honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,

    Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—
    5.
    With emphatic particles.
    a.
    Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);

    not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,

    Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—
    b.
    Immo contra (post-Aug.).
    (α).
    = no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:

    existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—
    (β).
    = sed contra, but on the contrary:

    proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,

    Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:

    immo contra ea,

    Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—
    c.
    Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):

    quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,

    Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.
    F.
    With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.
    1.
    Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.
    (α).
    With atque:

    item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:

    simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:

    judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—
    (β).
    With ac:

    itaque contra est ac dicitis,

    Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:

    vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,

    id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:

    cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,

    id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:

    Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,

    Sall. C. 60, 5.—
    (γ).
    With ac and atque:

    si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,

    Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—
    (δ).
    With quam (post-Aug.):

    cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,

    Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:

    contra quam licet,

    id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—
    2.
    Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:

    mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,

    contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:

    ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,

    contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:

    contra quam ista causa postulasset,

    id. Caecin. 24, 67:

    contra quam sanctum legibus est,

    Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:

    contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,

    Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.
    II.
    Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).
    A.
    Local uses.
    1.
    Opposite, over against, facing.
    a.
    Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;

    adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:

    ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,

    id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:

    Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,

    Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:

    Carthago Italiam contra,

    Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:

    insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,

    Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—
    b.
    Of the heavenly bodies:

    donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,

    Lucr. 5, 708:

    contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,

    Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:

    cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:

    contra mediam faciem meridies erit,

    id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—
    c.
    Of opposite ends of a line.
    (α).
    Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—
    (β).
    Of a line drawn:

    contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,

    opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—
    d.
    Of buildings, etc.:

    contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:

    (statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,

    Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:

    contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,

    Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—
    e.
    Of places on the human body:

    id quod contra stomachum est,

    Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;

    4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,

    Cels. 4, 1 fin. —
    2.
    Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:

    adversus, ad, e regione,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 61).
    a.
    In gen.:

    quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,

    Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:

    et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?

    Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:

    rex constiterat contra pedites,

    Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:

    ne contra septentrionem paveris,

    Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:

    contra solem varie refulgens,

    placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;

    37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,

    id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—
    b.
    Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):

    (Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,

    towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:

    lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,

    Dig. 48, 8, 4.—
    c.
    Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—
    d.
    Against an opposing action, etc.:

    contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:

    cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,

    Vitr. 1, 6, 8:

    ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,

    Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:

    contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,

    id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:

    capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,

    id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:

    contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,

    Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:

    contra stimulum calces,

    kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—
    e.
    Of local actions with hostile intent.
    (α).
    Lit.:

    quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?

    Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:

    Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),

    id. Att. 15, 20, 3:

    pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,

    to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:

    a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,

    id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:

    Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,

    Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:

    terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,

    i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—
    (β).
    Trop.:

    castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:

    tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,

    will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:

    cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 40:

    (Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,

    when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—
    f.
    In partic.
    (α).
    Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:

    quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,

    Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:

    contra populi studium,

    Cic. Brut. 34, 126:

    contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,

    id. ib. 79, 273; so,

    a mendacio contra veritatem,

    id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:

    contra cives in acie,

    id. Att. 16, 11, 2:

    et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,

    opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:

    haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,

    Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —
    (β).
    Contra aliquem ire:

    aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,

    Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:

    uti contra injurias armati eatis,

    Sall. J. 31, 6:

    interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,

    Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—
    3.
    Transf.,
    a.
    To persons placed together for comparison:

    C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,

    Quint. 10, 1, 114:

    CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,

    Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—
    b.
    To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.
    (α).
    Lit. (very rare):

    quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,

    Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—
    (β).
    Prop.:

    cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,

    Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:

    qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,

    Sen. Ep. 9, 9:

    numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,

    Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:

    tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,

    id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:

    nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,

    as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:

    (illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,

    Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:

    contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?

    Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,

    robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,

    id. ib. 13, 2;

    so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,

    Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,
    c.
    Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):

    numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,

    superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):

    oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,

    Petr. 7, 6.—
    d.
    Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:

    contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 29:

    contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,

    Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:

    quae contra breviter fata est vates,

    Verg. A. 6, 398:

    contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,

    Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).
    B.
    Denoting hostility or disadvantage.
    1.
    With verbs of hostile action.
    a.
    Of physical exertion:

    pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,

    Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:

    proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,

    id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —
    b.
    Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.

    bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),

    Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:

    contra Antonium,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,

    contra patriam,

    id. Sull. 20, 58:

    pugnare contra patriam,

    id. ib. 25, 70:

    contra conjuges et liberos,

    Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:

    armatum esse contra populum Romanum,

    Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:

    armis contendere contra,

    Caes. B. G. 2, 13:

    arma alicui dare (trop.),

    Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:

    aciem instruere (trop.),

    Liv. 25, 4, 4:

    exercitum comparare,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:

    exercitum instruere,

    id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    exercitum ducere and adducere,

    id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:

    exercitum contra Philippum mittere,

    id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:

    naves ducere contra,

    Hor. Epod. 4, 19:

    ducere contra hostes,

    Liv. 1, 27, 4:

    florem Italiae educere contra,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:

    proficisci contra,

    to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:

    auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,

    Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:

    juvare aliquem contra,

    Caes. B. C. 1, 35:

    consilium inire contra Sequanos,

    to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—
    c.
    Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).
    (α).
    In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:

    cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,

    Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:

    (causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:

    rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,

    Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:

    esse contra,

    id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;

    at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,

    Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:

    causam defendere contra,

    against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:

    statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),

    to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:

    actio competit contra,

    Dig. 49, 14, 41:

    querelam instituere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:

    bonorum possessionem petere contra,

    ib. 5, 2, 23:

    jus obtinere contra,

    Cic. Quint. 9, 34:

    pugnare contra,

    to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:

    id quod mihi contra illos datum est,

    i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:

    judicare contra aliquem,

    id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:

    pronuntiare contra,

    Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:

    decernere contra,

    Cic. Fl. 31, 76:

    appellare contra aliquem,

    Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:

    contra sententiam,

    Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:

    cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,

    Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—
    (β).
    Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:

    quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?

    Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:

    contra rem suam me venisse questus est,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—
    (γ).
    With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:

    ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,

    Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:

    cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,

    id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,

    causam dicere,

    id. Or. 2, 23, 98:

    causam perorare,

    id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:

    quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,

    id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:

    si Gaditani contra me dicerent,

    if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:

    si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:

    testimonium in aliquem dicere,

    id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):

    contra juris consultos dicere,

    against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:

    contra testes dicendum est,

    Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:

    cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,

    Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:

    tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?

    Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —
    d.
    Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:

    cum scriberem contra Epicurios,

    Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:

    contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,

    id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:

    contra Brutum,

    id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:

    contra Academiam,

    id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:

    contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,

    id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—
    e.
    Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).
    (α).
    In gen.:

    sentire contra,

    Cic. Mil. 2, 5:

    pugnare contra bonos,

    id. Sull. 25, 71:

    contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,

    Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:

    (tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,

    Liv. 39, 32, 12.—
    (β).
    Of political speaking:

    cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,

    Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:

    adversus, in): inire consilia contra,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:

    manum comparare contra aliquem,

    id. Sull. 24, 68:

    conjurationem facere,

    id. ib. 4, 12:

    congredi,

    id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:

    aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,

    Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:

    nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,

    against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:

    eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,

    operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:

    homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?

    Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:

    epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:

    disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,

    to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—
    2.
    Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:

    licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,

    injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:

    res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,

    id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:

    nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,

    Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:

    quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,

    id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—
    3.
    Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:

    Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?

    or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:

    sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,

    id. Att. 7, 5, 5:

    judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,

    id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:

    cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,

    id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:

    fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,

    in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—
    4.
    Dependent on adjectives (rare):

    contra se ipse misericors,

    to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:

    severissimus judex contra fures,

    Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—
    5.
    With nouns.
    a.
    Acc. to 1. b.:

    ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,

    Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—
    b.
    Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).
    (α).
    Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:

    quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:

    Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,

    Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,

    haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:

    orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,

    id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—
    (β).
    Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:

    unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,

    Cic. Brut. 26, 99:

    (Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,

    id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—
    c.
    Acc. to 1. f.:

    contra patres concitatio et seditio,

    Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:

    contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,

    Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.
    C.
    With inanimate and abstract objects.
    1.
    Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).
    a.
    Of physical or moral exertion:

    cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,

    Verg. A. 10, 567:

    pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,

    Cic. Sen. 11, 35:

    contra verum niti,

    Sall. J. 35, 8:

    contra fortunam luctari,

    Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—
    b.
    Of warfare (lit. and trop.):

    bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,

    Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:

    bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,

    id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:

    artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,

    Quint. 5, 13, 30.—
    c.
    Of legal contention.
    (α).
    Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:

    contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),

    Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:

    contra ratiocinationem,

    id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:

    contra caput dicere,

    to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:

    servum in caput domini interrogare,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:

    contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—
    (β).
    Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:

    contra tabulas judicare,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:

    contra testamentum,

    Dig. 2, 17, § 1:

    contra sententiam dicere,

    ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—
    (γ).
    Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:

    inmittere in bona),

    Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—
    d.
    Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.
    (α).
    To contend that something is false:

    dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,

    Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:

    in sententiam dicere,

    in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):

    contra sensus dicere,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:

    contra rhetoricen dicere,

    Quint. 2, 17, 40.—
    (β).
    Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:

    contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,

    Vitr. 7, praef. 8:

    contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,

    Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—
    (γ).
    Ethically:

    contra voluptatem dicere,

    that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:

    contra mortem loqui,

    that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;

    in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,

    id. ib. 100, 10:

    contra fortunam gloriari,

    that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—
    e.
    Of public and political acts and speeches:

    contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,

    Cic. Brut. 44, 164:

    contra legem dicere or verba facere,

    id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:

    rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),

    Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—
    f.
    Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.
    (α).
    In gen.:

    senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,

    directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:

    contra rem publicam se commovere,

    id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:

    incitari,

    id. Sest. 47, 100:

    consilia inire,

    id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:

    conjurationem facere,

    Sall. C. 30, 6:

    contra salutem urbis incitari,

    Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:

    cogitare aliquid contra salutem,

    id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:

    esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,

    id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:

    ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,

    do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:

    quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),

    Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—
    (β).
    In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:

    si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,

    Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,

    contra salutem rei publicae facere,

    Cic. Dom. 38, 102:

    contra majestatem,

    against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:

    contra leges,

    Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:

    contra edictum (praetoris),

    Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:

    contra foedus,

    Cic. Balb. 6, 16:

    contra jusjurandum ac fidem,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:

    tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?

    Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):

    corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,

    Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—
    2.
    Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).
    (α).
    With esse expressed as the predicate:

    hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,

    Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:

    contra leges or legem est,

    Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:

    contra officium est,

    id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:

    adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,

    unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—
    (β).
    With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:

    scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:

    aliquid contra animum audiendi,

    something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:

    si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,

    Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —
    (γ).
    Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:

    Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,

    Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—
    3.
    Adverbially with the predicate.
    (α).
    In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):

    eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,

    that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:

    imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,

    to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,

    advocare contra,

    Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:

    si contra mortem te praeparaveris,

    to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—
    (β).
    With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:

    quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,

    Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:

    contra hominis salutem,

    with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—
    (γ).
    In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;

    syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:

    pecuniam contra leges auferre,

    id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:

    contra legem,

    id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:

    contra jus fasque,

    id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:

    contra jus,

    Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:

    contra jus gentium,

    Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;

    6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,

    Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:

    contra testimonium aliquid judicare,

    without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:

    aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,

    contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:

    aliquid contra fidem constituere,

    Quint. 5, 13, 34:

    quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,

    contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—
    4.
    Dependent on substt.
    a.
    Of physical strife:

    scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),

    Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —
    b.
    Of warfare:

    imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,

    Cic. Mur. 39, 83:

    Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,

    Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—
    c.
    Of legal contention:

    causa contra scriptum,

    Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—
    d.
    Of political speaking:

    divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,

    Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—
    e.
    Of literary opposition:

    Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,

    Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—
    f.
    Of hostility, etc.:

    cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,

    Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:

    ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,

    Liv. 6, 40, 5.—
    g.
    Of injury:

    vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,

    Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—
    h.
    Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):

    iter contra senatus auctoritatem,

    Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:

    contra consuetudinem somnium,

    Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:

    bonorum possessio contra tabulas,

    Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—
    5.
    Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.

    II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.
    D.
    Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).
    1.
    Against persons.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,

    Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:

    contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,

    provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:

    contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,

    Pall. 10, 3, 2.—
    b.
    Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:

    paratus contra,

    Cic. Mil. 21, 56:

    nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,

    Sall. J. 80, 1:

    contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,

    Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—
    2.
    Against inanimate and abstract things.
    a.
    Dependent on verbs:

    contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,

    Cic. Sen. 15, 51:

    propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:

    publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,

    id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:

    contra tantas difficultates providere,

    Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,

    contra ea,

    id. ib. 57, 5:

    patricii vi contra vim resistunt,

    Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—
    b.
    Dependent on substt.:

    suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,

    Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:

    defensio contra vim,

    id. Mil. 5, 14:

    patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,

    id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:

    contra labores patientia,

    id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—
    c.
    Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;

    in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,

    against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:

    ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:

    vir contra audaciam firmissimus,

    id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:

    fortis contra dolorem,

    Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:

    callosus,

    Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:

    far contra hiemes firmissimum,

    id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:

    equus tenax contra vincula,

    Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:

    contraque minantia fata pervigil,

    Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—
    3.
    Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).
    (α).
    Dependent on verbs:

    cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,

    Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:

    prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,

    id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:

    valet potum contra venena,

    id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—
    (β).
    Dependent on substt.:

    remedium contra morsus,

    Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:

    contra venena esse omnia remedio,

    id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—
    (γ).
    Dependent on adjectives:

    vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,

    Pall. 11, 14, 17.—
    (δ).
    Appositively, as a remedy:

    cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,

    Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:

    Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,

    Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.
    E.
    Of logical opposition.
    1.
    With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).
    a.
    The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.

    I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,

    but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:

    omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,

    and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —
    b.
    Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):

    omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),

    but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;

    contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,

    Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;

    44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,

    Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):

    an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),

    Liv. 41, 24, 8.—
    c.
    Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):

    illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,

    whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:

    cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),

    Cic. Sen. 23, 84:

    quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,

    id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.

    Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,

    id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;

    v. Ritschl,

    Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—
    2.
    With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:

    contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,

    Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:

    Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),

    Sall. J. 88, 1; so,

    cetera contra spem salva invenit,

    Liv. 9, 23, 17:

    contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,

    id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;

    but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),

    Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:

    postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,

    Sall. J. 20, 1:

    ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),

    id. ib. 46, 5:

    contra famam,

    Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:

    segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,

    slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:

    frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,

    contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).
    F.
    Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.
    1.
    In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:

    quos contra disputant,

    Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:

    quem contra dicit,

    id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):

    quem contra veneris,

    id. Mur. 4, 9:

    quas contra, praeter te, etc.,

    id. Vatin. 7, 18:

    eos ipsos quos contra statuas,

    id. Or. 10, 34:

    quos contra me senatus armavit,

    id. Att. 10, 8, 8:

    quam contra multa locutus est,

    Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—
    2.
    After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

    hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,

    Lucr. 4, 471:

    dicere eos contra,

    id. 4, 484:

    donique eum contra,

    id. 5, 708:

    agmina contra,

    Verg. A. 12, 279:

    magnum Alciden contra,

    id. ib. 5, 414:

    Paridem contra,

    id. ib. 5, 370:

    Italiam contra,

    id. ib. 1, 13:

    deos contra,

    Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:

    Messania moenia contra,

    id. M. 14, 17:

    litora Calabriae contra,

    Tac. A. 3, 1.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > contra dicta

  • 15 record

    1. transitive verb

    record a new LP — eine neue LP aufnehmen

    record something in a book/painting — etwas in einem Buch/auf einem Gemälde festhalten

    2) (register officially) dokumentieren; protokollieren [Verhandlung]
    2. intransitive verb
    aufzeichnen; (on tape) Tonbandaufnahmen/eine Tonbandaufnahme machen
    3. noun
    1)

    be on record — [Prozess, Verhandlung, Besprechung:] protokolliert sein

    it is on record that... — es ist dokumentiert, dass...

    2) (report) Protokoll, das; (Law): (official report) [Gerichts]akte, die
    3) (document) Dokument, das; (piece of evidence) Zeugnis, das; Beleg, der

    just for the record — der Vollständigkeit halber; (iron.) nur der Ordnung halber

    [strictly] off the record — [ganz] inoffiziell

    get or keep or put or set the record straight — keine Missverständnisse aufkommen lassen

    4) (disc for gramophone) [Schall]platte, die
    5) (facts of somebody's/something's past) Ruf, der

    have a good record [of achievements] — gute Leistungen vorweisen können

    have a [criminal/police] record — vorbestraft sein

    6) (best performance) Rekord, der

    break or beat the record — den Rekord brechen

    4. attributive adjective
    * * *
    1. ['reko:d, -kəd, ]( American[) -kərd] noun
    1) (a written report of facts, events etc: historical records; I wish to keep a record of everything that is said at this meeting.) die Aufzeichnung
    2) (a round flat piece of (usually black) plastic on which music etc is recorded: a record of Beethoven's Sixth Symphony.) die Platte
    3) ((in races, games, or almost any activity) the best performance so far; something which has never yet been beaten: He holds the record for the 1,000 metres; The record for the high jump was broken/beaten this afternoon; He claimed to have eaten fifty sausages in a minute and asked if this was a record; ( also adjective) a record score.) der Rekord, Rekord...
    4) (the collected facts from the past of a person, institution etc: This school has a very poor record of success in exams; He has a criminal record.) das Register
    2. [rə'ko:d] verb
    1) (to write a description of (an event, facts etc) so that they can be read in the future: The decisions will be recorded in the minutes of the meeting.) aufschreiben
    2) (to put (the sound of music, speech etc) on a record or tape so that it can be listened to in the future: I've recorded the whole concert; Don't make any noise when I'm recording.) aufnehmen
    3) ((of a dial, instrument etc) to show (a figure etc) as a reading: The thermometer recorded 30°C yesterday.) verzeichnen
    4) (to give or show, especially in writing: to record one's vote in an election.) abgeben
    •
    - academic.ru/60784/recorder">recorder
    - recording
    - record-player
    - in record time
    - off the record
    - on record
    * * *
    rec·ord
    I. n
    [ˈrekɔ:d, AM -ɚd]
    1. (information) Aufzeichnungen pl, Unterlagen pl; (document) Akte f; of attendance Liste f; (minutes) Protokoll nt, Niederschrift f
    this summer has been the hottest on \record dieser Sommer war der heißeste, der jemals verzeichnet wurde
    the coach went on \record as saying... der Trainer äußerte sich öffentlich dahingehend, dass...
    to be a matter of [public] \record [offiziell] belegt [o dokumentiert] sein
    to keep \records (register) Buch führen; (list) eine Liste führen; historian Aufzeichnungen machen
    to keep a private \record of sth sich dat etw notieren
    for the \record (for the minutes) für das Protokoll; (as a matter of form) der Ordnung halber
    2. no pl (past history) Vorgeschichte f; of achievements bisherige Leistungen
    this applicant has the best \record dieser Bewerber hat die besten Voraussetzungen
    he's got a clean \record er hat sich nichts zuschulden kommen lassen; (no convictions) er ist nicht vorbestraft
    given Mr Smith's \record as a good credit risk, we can give him the loan in Anbetracht der Tatsache, dass Herr Smith sich in der Vergangenheit bereits als kreditwürdig erwiesen hat, können wir ihm das Darlehen geben
    police \record Vorstrafen pl
    safety \record Sicherheitszeugnis nt
    criminal \record Vorstrafenregister nt
    dental \record zahnärztliche Unterlagen pl
    to have an excellent \record worker, employee ausgezeichnete Leistungen vorweisen können
    to have a good/bad \record einen guten/schlechten Ruf haben
    medical \record Krankenblatt nt
    3. (music) [Schall]platte f
    hit \record Hit m fam
    to change/play/put on a \record eine Platte umdrehen/spielen/auflegen
    to make [or cut] a \record eine [Schall]platte aufnehmen
    4. SPORT Rekord m
    Olympic \record olympischer Rekord
    world \record Weltrekord m
    to break [or beat] a \record einen Rekord brechen
    to hold a \record einen Rekord halten
    to set [or establish] a \record einen Rekord aufstellen
    5. LAW (court report) [Gerichts]protokoll nt, Gerichtsakte f
    a court of \record ein ordentliches Gericht
    6. COMPUT [Daten]satz m
    7.
    ▶ to put [or set] the \record straight für Klarheit sorgen, alle Missverständnisse aus dem Weg räumen
    ▶ to say sth on/off the \record etw offiziell/inoffiziell sagen
    strictly off the \record ganz im Vertrauen, streng vertraulich
    II. adj
    [ˈrekɔ:d, AM -ɚd]
    inv Rekord-
    \record crop/turnout/year Rekordernte f/-beteiligung f/-jahr nt
    to reach a \record high/low ein Rekordhoch/Rekordtief nt erreichen
    to do sth in \record time etw in Rekordzeit erledigen
    III. vt
    [rɪˈkɔ:d, AM -ˈkɔ:rd]
    hyphenate re·cord
    1. (store)
    ▪ to \record sth facts, events etw aufzeichnen [o festhalten]
    the temperature fell today, with -14°C being \recorded in some places die Temperaturen fielen heute, stellenweise wurden -14°C gemessen
    to \record a birth/a death/a marriage LAW eine Geburt/einen Todesfall/eine Heirat registrieren [o [ins Register] eintragen]
    to \record one's feelings/ideas/thoughts seine Gefühle/Ideen/Gedanken niederschreiben
    to \record sth in the minutes of a meeting etw in einem Sitzungsprotokoll vermerken
    to \record rotations/the speed/the temperature Umdrehungen/die Geschwindigkeit/die Temperatur anzeigen [o messen]
    the needle \recorded 50 mph die Nadel zeigte 80 km/h
    3. (for later reproduction)
    ▪ to \record sth FILM, MUS etw aufnehmen; event etw dokumentieren
    to \record a speech eine Rede aufzeichnen
    IV. vi
    [rɪˈkɔ:d, AM -ˈkɔ:rd]
    hyphenate re·cord (on tape, cassette) Aufnahmen machen, ÖSTERR aufnehmen; person eine Aufnahme machen; machine aufnehmen
    the VCR is \recording der Videorecorder nimmt gerade auf
    * * *
    [rɪ'kɔːd]
    1. vt
    1) facts, story, events (diarist, person) aufzeichnen; (documents, diary etc) dokumentieren; (in register) eintragen; (= keep minutes of) protokollieren; one's thoughts, feelings etc festhalten, niederschreiben; protest, disapproval zum Ausdruck bringen

    to record a verdict of accidental death —

    history records that... — es ist geschichtlich dokumentiert, dass...

    the author records that... — der Verfasser berichtet, dass...

    2) (thermometer, meter etc) verzeichnen, registrieren; (needle) aufzeichnen, registrieren
    3) (on tape, cassette etc) aufnehmen, aufzeichnen; (person) aufnehmen
    4) CD, DVD brennen
    2. vi
    (Tonband)aufnahmen machen

    he is recording at 5 o'clock — er hat um 5 Uhr eine Aufnahme

    3. n
    ['rekɔːd]
    1) (= account) Aufzeichnung f; (of attendance) Liste f; (of meeting) Protokoll nt; (= official document) Unterlage f, Akte f; (lit, fig of the past, of civilization) Dokument nt

    (public) records — im Staatsarchiv gelagerte Urkunden

    a photographic record —

    to keep a record of sth — über etw (acc) Buch führen; (official, registrar) etw registrieren; (historian, chronicler) etw aufzeichnen

    it is on record that... — es gibt Belege dafür, dass...; (in files) es ist aktenkundig, dass...

    I'm prepared to go on record as saying that... — ich stehe zu der Behauptung, dass...

    he's on record as having said... — es ist belegt, dass er gesagt hat,...

    last night the PM went on record as saying... — gestern Abend hat sich der Premier dahin gehend geäußert, dass...

    there is no record of his having said it — es ist nirgends belegt, dass er es gesagt hat

    this is strictly off the record — dies ist nur inoffizell

    (strictly) off the record he did come — ganz im Vertrauen: er ist doch gekommen

    2) (= police record) Vorstrafen pl

    he's got a clean record, he hasn't got a record — er ist nicht vorbestraft

    3) (= history) Vorgeschichte f; (= achievements) Leistungen pl

    to have an excellent record —

    with a record like yours you should be able to handle this job — mit Ihren Voraussetzungen müssten Sie sich in dieser Stelle leicht zurechtfinden

    to have a good school record — ein guter Schüler/eine guter Schülerin sein

    to have a good safety record —

    to spoil one's record — es sich (dat) verderben, sich (dat) ein Minus einhandeln

    I've been looking at your record, Jones — ich habe mir Ihre Akte angesehen, Jones

    4) (MUS) (Schall)platte f; (= recording) (of voice, music etc) Aufnahme f; (of programme, speech) Aufzeichnung f, Aufnahme f

    long-jump record — Weitsprungrekord, Rekord im Weitsprung

    6) (on seismograph etc) Aufzeichnung f, Registrierung f
    7) (COMPUT in database) Datensatz m
    * * *
    record [rıˈkɔː(r)d]
    A v/t
    1. schriftlich niederlegen, aufzeichnen, -schreiben
    2. eintragen oder registrieren (lassen), erfassen, aufnehmen:
    recorded delivery Postwesen: Br Zustellung f gegen Empfangsbestätigung
    3. JUR beurkunden, protokollieren, zu Protokoll oder zu den Akten nehmen
    4. fig aufzeichnen, festhalten, (der Nachwelt) überliefern
    5. TECH
    a) Messwerte registrieren, aufzeichnen (beide auch Gerät)
    b) IT Daten aufzeichnen, registrieren
    6. a)(auf Tonband, Schallplatte etc, auch fotografisch) aufnehmen oder festhalten, eine Aufnahme machen von (oder gen), eine Sendung mitschneiden:
    record sth on tape auch etwas auf Band sprechen;
    recorded broadcast (RADIO, TV) Aufzeichnung f;
    the broadcast was recorded die Übertragung war eine Aufzeichnung
    b) ein Tonband etc bespielen
    c) eine CD brennen
    7. obs ein Lied singen (Vogel)
    8. seine Stimme abgeben
    9. obs bezeugen
    B v/i
    1. aufzeichnen (etc → A)
    2. a) Aufnahmen machen
    b) sich gut etc aufnehmen lassen:
    C s record [ˈrekɔː(r)d; US besonders ˈrekərd]
    1. Aufzeichnung f, Niederschrift f:
    a)(geschichtlich etc) verzeichnet oder nachgewiesen, schriftlich belegt,
    b) → C 4,
    c) das beste etc aller Zeiten, bisher;
    off the record inoffiziell;
    on the record offiziell;
    he hasn’t gone on record as showing a lot of initiative er hat sich bis jetzt nicht gerade durch viel Initiative hervorgetan;
    put ( oder set) the record straight die Dinge zurechtrücken;
    (just) to put the record straight (nur) um das einmal klarzustellen;
    just for the record (nur) um das einmal festzuhalten
    2. (schriftlicher) Bericht
    3. auch JUR Urkunde f, Dokument n, Unterlage f
    4. JUR
    a) Protokoll n, Niederschrift f
    b) (Gerichts)Akte f, Aktenstück n:
    on record aktenkundig, in den Akten;
    on the record of the case nach Aktenlage;
    go on record fig sich erklären oder festlegen;
    place on record aktenkundig machen, protokollieren;
    record office Archiv n
    5. a) Register n, Liste f, Verzeichnis n:
    keep a record Buch führen (of über akk)
    b) Strafregister n, weitS. Vorstrafen(register) pl(n):
    have a (criminal) record vorbestraft sein
    6. auch TECH Registrierung f, Aufzeichnung f
    7. a) Ruf m, Leumund m, Vergangenheit f:
    a bad record ein schlechter Ruf oder Leumund
    b) gute etc Leistung(en pl) (in der Vergangenheit):
    have a brilliant record as an executive hervorragende Leistungen als leitender Angestellter vorweisen können, auf eine glänzende Karriere als leitender Angestellter zurückblicken können
    8. fig Urkunde f, Zeugnis n:
    be a record of sth etwas bezeugen
    9. a) (Schall)Platte f:
    make a record eine Platte aufnehmen;
    put another record on! fig umg leg ‘ne andere Platte auf!
    b) (Band- etc) Aufnahme f, Aufzeichnung f, Mitschnitt m
    10. SPORT, auch weitS. Rekord m, Best-, Höchstleistung f
    D adj record [ˈrekɔː(r)d; US besonders ˈrekərd]
    1. SPORT etc Rekord…:
    record attempt ( oder attendance, jump, prices, etc);
    record high (low) WIRTSCH Rekordhoch n (Rekordtief n) (einer Währung etc);
    record holder Rekordhalter(in), -inhaber(in);
    record performance allg Spitzenleistung f;
    in record time in Rekordzeit
    2. (Schall)Platten…:
    record changer Plattenwechsler m;
    a) Plattensammlung f, -archiv n,
    b) besonders HIST Plattenverleih m;
    record player Plattenspieler m;
    record producer Plattenproduzent(in)
    rec. abk
    * * *
    1. transitive verb

    record something in a book/painting — etwas in einem Buch/auf einem Gemälde festhalten

    2) (register officially) dokumentieren; protokollieren [Verhandlung]
    2. intransitive verb
    aufzeichnen; (on tape) Tonbandaufnahmen/eine Tonbandaufnahme machen
    3. noun
    1)

    be on record — [Prozess, Verhandlung, Besprechung:] protokolliert sein

    it is on record that... — es ist dokumentiert, dass...

    2) (report) Protokoll, das; (Law): (official report) [Gerichts]akte, die
    3) (document) Dokument, das; (piece of evidence) Zeugnis, das; Beleg, der

    just for the record — der Vollständigkeit halber; (iron.) nur der Ordnung halber

    [strictly] off the record — [ganz] inoffiziell

    get or keep or put or set the record straight — keine Missverständnisse aufkommen lassen

    4) (disc for gramophone) [Schall]platte, die
    5) (facts of somebody's/something's past) Ruf, der

    have a good record [of achievements] — gute Leistungen vorweisen können

    have a [criminal/police] record — vorbestraft sein

    6) (best performance) Rekord, der

    break or beat the record — den Rekord brechen

    4. attributive adjective
    * * *
    (music) n.
    Platte -n f.
    Schallplatte f. adj.
    aufzeichnet adj. n.
    Aufzeichnung f.
    Datensatz m.
    Rekord -e m.
    Rekordmarke f.
    Satz ¨-e m. v.
    aufnehmen v.
    aufzeichnen v.
    erfassen v.
    protokollieren v.
    registrieren v.

    English-german dictionary > record

  • 16 norma

    f.
    1 standard.
    este producto no cumple la norma europea this product does not meet European standards
    la norma es que llueva al final de la tarde it usually o normally rains toward the end of the afternoon
    tener por norma hacer algo to make it a rule to do something
    2 Norma.
    3 piece of legislation.
    pres.indicat.
    3rd person singular (él/ella/ello) present indicative of spanish verb: normar.
    * * *
    1 norm, rule
    \
    norma de conducta rule of conduct
    * * *
    noun f.
    1) rule
    2) norm
    * * *
    SF
    1) (=regla) (tb Educ) rule; [oficial] regulation

    • como o por norma general — as a general rule, as a rule of thumb

    • tener por norma hacer algo — to make it a rule to do sth

    norma de comprobación — (Fís) control

    normas de conducta — [sociales] rules of behaviour; [de periódico, empresa] policy sing

    2) (=situación, costumbre) norm

    es norma ofrecer una copa de bienvenida — it is standard practice o it is the norm to offer a complimentary drink

    como es norma en estos casos — as is standard practice o as is the norm in these cases

    3)

    la norma — (Ling) the standard form

    4) (Arquit, Téc) square
    * * *
    a) ( regla) rule, regulation

    dictar normas — to lay down rules o regulations

    tengo por norma... — I make it a rule...

    es norma que or la norma es que acudan los directivos — it is standard practice for the directors to attend

    * * *
    = convention, guide, norm, pattern, prescription, rule, standard, yardstick.
    Ex. Articulated subject indexes are based on title-like phrases that have some conventions concerning citation order.
    Ex. In so doing the indexes act as an organized guide to large sections of the literature of a subject area.
    Ex. An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.
    Ex. In the same way that citation orders may have more or less theoretical foundations, equally reference generation may follow a predetermined pattern.
    Ex. Granted, standard is an ambiguous term, because it can mean either quality or simply prescription.
    Ex. If administrative regulations, rules, etc., are from jurisdictions in which such regulations, etc., are promulgated by government agencies or agents, enter them under the heading for the agency or agent.
    Ex. A standard is a document available to the public and aimed at the promotion of optimum community benefits and approved by a body recognized on the national, regional or international level.
    Ex. The legitimate yardstick against which to evaluate 'Beatlemusik' is not, pace Paul Johnson, Beethoven's last quartets, but other contemporary popular music.
    ----
    * acatar las normas = toe + the line.
    * atenerse a una norma = conform to + standard.
    * ausencia de normas = anomie.
    * como norma = as a rule, as a matter of policy.
    * como norma general = as a rule of thumb, as a general rule, as a general rule of thumb, as a rough guide.
    * convertirse en la norma = become + the norm.
    * cumplir las normas = abide by + rules and regulations.
    * dar como norma = rule.
    * dar una norma = give + prescription.
    * de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.
    * desacatar las normas establecidas = flout + convention.
    * desviación de la norma = deviation + from the norm, departure from the norm.
    * establecer norma = legislate.
    * establecer normas = make + provision, establish + standards.
    * establecer normas de funcionamiento = establish + policy.
    * establecer una norma = lay down + standard, set down + rule.
    * establecer un norma = give + prescription.
    * fuera de las normas comúnmente aceptadas = beyond the pale.
    * hacer cumplir una norma = enforce + standard.
    * hacer cumplir unas normas = enforce + policy.
    * hoja de normas = rule sheet.
    * imponer una norma = place + prescription.
    * incumplimiento de normas = rule breaking.
    * incumplir una norma = infringe + standard, violate + regulation, break + rules.
    * infracción de las normas = breach of regulations, infringement of the rules, breach of the rules.
    * infracción de normas = rule breaking.
    * infringir una norma = infringe + standard, violate + rule, violate + rule, violate + regulation, break + rules.
    * no cumplir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.
    * norma absoluta = ironclad rule, steadfast rule.
    * norma absouta = hard and fast rule.
    * norma básica = ground rule.
    * Norma Británica 1749: Recomendaciones para la ordenación alfabética y el ord = BS (British Standard) 1749: Recommendations for alphabetical arrangement and the filing order of numerals and symbols.
    * Norma Británica número + Número = BS + Número.
    * norma de comportamiento social = social pattern.
    * norma de entrada de datos = input standard.
    * norma de la industria = industry standard.
    * norma de trabajo = working rule.
    * norma de vestir = dress code.
    * norma fija = firm rule.
    * norma general = rule of thumb.
    * Norma General Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD-G) = General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)).
    * norma inflexible = hard and fast rule, ironclad rule, steadfast rule.
    * Norma Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD) = International Standard Archival Description (ISAD).
    * Norma Internacional para los Lenguajes de Instrucción = International Standard for Command Languages.
    * norma legal = statutory provision.
    * Norma + Número = ISO + Número.
    * norma ortográfica = spelling convention.
    * norma personal = personal norm.
    * norma que se puede aplicar a rajatabla = hard and fast rule, ironclad rule, steadfast rule.
    * norma rígida = hard and fast rule, ironclad rule, steadfast rule.
    * normas = policy, code of practice, regulation.
    * normas comunes = standard practices.
    * normas de préstamos vencidos = overdue policy.
    * normas de procedimiento = rules of procedure.
    * normas de uso = user policy.
    * normas habituales = standard practices.
    * normas internas = in-house guidelines.
    * norma social = social norm, societal norm.
    * normas para la elaboración de resúmenes = abstracting policy.
    * norma técnica = technical standard.
    * no seguir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.
    * ofrecer una norma = offer + prescription.
    * por norma = as a rule.
    * que se atiene a una norma = compliant (with).
    * que sigue una norma = compliant (with).
    * ser la norma = be the norm, be the rule, become + the norm.
    * * *
    a) ( regla) rule, regulation

    dictar normas — to lay down rules o regulations

    tengo por norma... — I make it a rule...

    es norma que or la norma es que acudan los directivos — it is standard practice for the directors to attend

    * * *
    = convention, guide, norm, pattern, prescription, rule, standard, yardstick.

    Ex: Articulated subject indexes are based on title-like phrases that have some conventions concerning citation order.

    Ex: In so doing the indexes act as an organized guide to large sections of the literature of a subject area.
    Ex: An appreciation of alternative approaches is particularly important in this field where trends towards standardisation are the norm.
    Ex: In the same way that citation orders may have more or less theoretical foundations, equally reference generation may follow a predetermined pattern.
    Ex: Granted, standard is an ambiguous term, because it can mean either quality or simply prescription.
    Ex: If administrative regulations, rules, etc., are from jurisdictions in which such regulations, etc., are promulgated by government agencies or agents, enter them under the heading for the agency or agent.
    Ex: A standard is a document available to the public and aimed at the promotion of optimum community benefits and approved by a body recognized on the national, regional or international level.
    Ex: The legitimate yardstick against which to evaluate 'Beatlemusik' is not, pace Paul Johnson, Beethoven's last quartets, but other contemporary popular music.
    * acatar las normas = toe + the line.
    * atenerse a una norma = conform to + standard.
    * ausencia de normas = anomie.
    * como norma = as a rule, as a matter of policy.
    * como norma general = as a rule of thumb, as a general rule, as a general rule of thumb, as a rough guide.
    * convertirse en la norma = become + the norm.
    * cumplir las normas = abide by + rules and regulations.
    * dar como norma = rule.
    * dar una norma = give + prescription.
    * de fijación de normas = standard(s) setting.
    * desacatar las normas establecidas = flout + convention.
    * desviación de la norma = deviation + from the norm, departure from the norm.
    * establecer norma = legislate.
    * establecer normas = make + provision, establish + standards.
    * establecer normas de funcionamiento = establish + policy.
    * establecer una norma = lay down + standard, set down + rule.
    * establecer un norma = give + prescription.
    * fuera de las normas comúnmente aceptadas = beyond the pale.
    * hacer cumplir una norma = enforce + standard.
    * hacer cumplir unas normas = enforce + policy.
    * hoja de normas = rule sheet.
    * imponer una norma = place + prescription.
    * incumplimiento de normas = rule breaking.
    * incumplir una norma = infringe + standard, violate + regulation, break + rules.
    * infracción de las normas = breach of regulations, infringement of the rules, breach of the rules.
    * infracción de normas = rule breaking.
    * infringir una norma = infringe + standard, violate + rule, violate + rule, violate + regulation, break + rules.
    * no cumplir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.
    * norma absoluta = ironclad rule, steadfast rule.
    * norma absouta = hard and fast rule.
    * norma básica = ground rule.
    * Norma Británica 1749: Recomendaciones para la ordenación alfabética y el ord = BS (British Standard) 1749: Recommendations for alphabetical arrangement and the filing order of numerals and symbols.
    * Norma Británica número + Número = BS + Número.
    * norma de comportamiento social = social pattern.
    * norma de entrada de datos = input standard.
    * norma de la industria = industry standard.
    * norma de trabajo = working rule.
    * norma de vestir = dress code.
    * norma fija = firm rule.
    * norma general = rule of thumb.
    * Norma General Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD-G) = General International Standard Archival Description (ISAD(G)).
    * norma inflexible = hard and fast rule, ironclad rule, steadfast rule.
    * Norma Internacional para la Descripción de Archivos (ISAD) = International Standard Archival Description (ISAD).
    * Norma Internacional para los Lenguajes de Instrucción = International Standard for Command Languages.
    * norma legal = statutory provision.
    * Norma + Número = ISO + Número.
    * norma ortográfica = spelling convention.
    * norma personal = personal norm.
    * norma que se puede aplicar a rajatabla = hard and fast rule, ironclad rule, steadfast rule.
    * norma rígida = hard and fast rule, ironclad rule, steadfast rule.
    * normas = policy, code of practice, regulation.
    * normas comunes = standard practices.
    * normas de préstamos vencidos = overdue policy.
    * normas de procedimiento = rules of procedure.
    * normas de uso = user policy.
    * normas habituales = standard practices.
    * normas internas = in-house guidelines.
    * norma social = social norm, societal norm.
    * normas para la elaboración de resúmenes = abstracting policy.
    * norma técnica = technical standard.
    * no seguir una norma = fall (far) short of + norm.
    * ofrecer una norma = offer + prescription.
    * por norma = as a rule.
    * que se atiene a una norma = compliant (with).
    * que sigue una norma = compliant (with).
    * ser la norma = be the norm, be the rule, become + the norm.

    * * *
    1 (regla) rule, regulation
    normas de conducta rules of conduct
    normas sociales social norms
    observar las normas de seguridad to observe the safety regulations
    las normas vigentes the regulations currently in force
    dictar normas to lay down rules o regulations
    tengo por norma no beber al mediodía I make it a rule not to drink at lunchtime
    2
    (manera común de hacer algo): es norma que or la norma es que acudan a este tipo de reunión los directivos de la empresa it is standard practice for the directors of the company to attend this kind of meeting
    Compuesto:
    linguistic norm
    * * *

     

    norma sustantivo femenino


    normas de seguridad safety regulations;
    tengo por norma … I make it a rule …


    norma sustantivo femenino norm, rule: tiene que ajustarse a la norma europea, it has to meet the European standard
    ' norma' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    aplicarse
    - caprichosa
    - caprichoso
    - criterio
    - desordenada
    - desordenado
    - imposición
    - normalizar
    - normalización
    - principio
    - regla
    - reglamentaria
    - reglamentario
    - relajar
    - romper
    - saltarse
    - validez
    - canon
    - cumplimiento
    - disposición
    - elemental
    - excepción
    - implantar
    - inadecuado
    - obedecer
    - regular
    - respetar
    English:
    law
    - norm
    - operative
    - policy
    - regulation
    - rule
    - set aside
    - set down
    - standard
    - vary
    - yardstick
    - departure
    - deviant
    * * *
    norma nf
    1. [patrón, modelo] standard;
    [regla] rule;
    las normas de circulación o [m5] de tráfico the traffic regulations, Br the Highway Code;
    este producto no cumple la norma europea this product does not meet European standards;
    normas de conducta [principios] standards (of behaviour);
    [pautas] patterns of behaviour;
    la norma es que llueva al final de la tarde it usually o normally rains towards the end of the afternoon;
    es la norma hacerlo así it's usual to do it this way;
    tener por norma hacer algo to make it a rule to do sth
    2. Ling norm
    * * *
    f
    1 standard
    2 ( regla) rule, regulation
    * * *
    norma nf
    1) : rule, regulation
    2) : norm, standard
    * * *
    norma n rule
    tener por norma hacer algo to always do something / to never do something

    Spanish-English dictionary > norma

  • 17 constituo

    con-stĭtŭo, ŭi, ūtum, 3, v. a. [statuo], to cause to stand, put or lay down, to set, put, place, fix, station, deposit a person or thing somewhere (esp. firmly or immovably), etc. (the act. corresponding to consistere; class.).
    I.
    In gen.
    A.
    Prop.:

    hominem ante pedes Q. Manilii constituunt,

    Cic. Clu. 13, 38:

    vobis (dīs) candentem taurum ante aras,

    Verg. A. 5, 237:

    impedimenta,

    Liv. 44, 36, 6:

    reliquias praedonum contractas in urbibus,

    Vell. 2, 32 fin.:

    unum aliquem lectorem,

    Quint. 2, 5, 6:

    velut in aliquā sublimi speculā constitutus,

    Lact. 2, 2, 18.—
    B.
    Trop.:

    cum hujus vobis adulescentiam proposueritis, constituitote vobis ante oculos etiam hujus miseri senectutem,

    Cic. Cael. 32, 79.—
    II.
    Esp.,
    A.
    Milit. t. t.
    1.
    To station or post troops somewhere, to draw up, set in order:

    legionem Caesar passibus CC. ab eo tumulo constituit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 43:

    legiones pro castris in acie,

    id. ib. 2, 8 fin.;

    4, 35: aciem ordinesque intra silvas,

    id. ib. 2, 19:

    octo cohortes in fronte,

    Sall. C. 59, 2:

    quod reliquum peditum erat, obliquo constituerunt colle,

    Liv. 28, 33, 8 al.:

    naves ad latus apertum hostium,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 25; cf.:

    naves aperto ac plano litore,

    id. ib. 4, 23 fin.:

    naves nisi in alto,

    id. ib. 4, 24:

    subsidiarias (naves) in secundo ordine, Auct. B. Alex. 14, 3: classem apud Salamina exadversum Athenas,

    Nep. Them. 3, 4; cf. id. Alcib. 8, 1:

    praesidia in Rutenis provincialibus,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 7.—Rarely of a single person: se constituere, to station or post one's self: dum se Gallus iterum eodem pacto constituere studet, Quadrig. ap. Gell. 9, 13, 17.—
    2.
    In contrast with a march, to cause to halt:

    paulisper agmen constituit,

    Sall. J. 49, 5; so,

    agmen,

    Liv. 35, 28, 8; 38, 25, 12:

    signa paulisper novitate rei,

    id. 33, 10, 3; so,

    signa,

    id. 34, 20, 4.—And trop.:

    si constituitur aliquando (narratio) ac non istā brevitate percurritur,

    Cic. de Or. 2, 80, 328.—
    B.
    With the access. idea of preparation, to set up, erect, establish, found, build, construct, prepare, make, create, constitute (class. and very freq.).
    1.
    Lit.:

    genus humanum, quorum omnia causā constituisse deos,

    Lucr. 2, 175:

    aggerem apparare, vineas agere, turres duas constituere coepit,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 17:

    turres,

    id. ib. 2, 12:

    turrim,

    id. ib. 2, 30:

    castella ad extremas fossas,

    id. ib. 2, 8:

    vineas ac testudines,

    Nep. Milt. 7, 2:

    locis certis horrea,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 42:

    inane sepulcrum,

    Ov. M. 6, 568:

    feralis cupressos,

    Verg. A. 6, 216:

    ingentem quercum in tumulo,

    id. ib. 11, 6:

    pyras curvo in litore,

    id. ib. 11, 185:

    quattuor aras ad alta delubra dearum,

    id. G. 4, 542; Suet. Aug. 59 fin.:

    aedem in foro geminis fratribus,

    id. Caes. 10:

    castra Romae,

    id. Tib. 37 et saep.:

    oppidum,

    to found, Caes. B. C. 1, 15; Nep. Cim. 2, 2; so,

    nova moenia,

    Verg. A. 12, 194; cf.:

    moenia in Aside terrā,

    Ov. M. 9, 449:

    domicilium sibi Magnesiae,

    Nep. Them. 10, 2:

    triplex Piraeei portus constitutus est,

    id. ib. 6, 1:

    hiberna omnium legionum in Belgis,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 38:

    di primum homines humo excitatos celsos et erectos constituerunt,

    Cic. N. D. 2, 56, 140.—
    2.
    Trop., to bring about, effect, establish, appoint, etc., freq. of judicial determinations, etc.: videte, [p. 438] per deos immortalis, quod jus nobis, quam condicionem vobismet ipsis, quam denique civitati legem constituere velitis, to establish, Cic. Caecin. 14, 40:

    jus melius Sullanis praediis quam paternis,

    id. Agr. 3, 3, 10:

    judicium,

    id. Part. Or. 28, 99:

    judicium de pecuniis repetundis,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 4, 11:

    judicium capitis in se,

    id. Verr. 2, 5, 54, § 141:

    controversiam,

    id. de Or. 1, 31, 143:

    quaestionem,

    Quint. 3, 11, 17; 4, 2, 10:

    ratiocinationem,

    id. 5, 14, 12:

    in hac accusatione comparandā constituendāque laborare,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 1, 1, § 2; and of persons, to designate, appoint, select, put forward, etc.:

    accusatorem,

    id. Div. in Caecil. 3, 10; Quint. 3, 10, 3 (cf.:

    comparare accusatorem,

    Cic. Clu. 67, 191):

    testis,

    Cic. Verr. 1, 18, 55:

    tutores pupillis,

    Dig. 2, 1, 1 et saep.:

    nuper apud C. Orchivium collegam meum locus ab judicibus Fausto Sullae de pecuniis residuis non est constitutus,

    no trial of him was permitted, Cic. Clu. 34, 94:

    reum statim fecit, utique ei locus primus constitueretur impetravit,

    id. ib. 20, 56:

    fidem,

    id. Part. Or. 9, 31; cf. id. Sen. 18, 62:

    concordiam,

    id. Att. 8, 11, D, 1:

    si utilitas amicitiam constituet, tollet eadem,

    id. Fin. 2, 24, 78:

    amicitiam tecum,

    Q. Cic. Pet. Cons. 7, 27 (cf. id. ib. §

    25: amicitiae permultae comparantur): libertatem,

    Cic. Fl. 11, 25:

    victoriam,

    id. Rosc. Am. 6, 16:

    pacem (opp. bellum gerere),

    id. ib. 8, 22:

    quantum mali sibi ac liberis suis,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 25, § 65.—
    C.
    With the access. idea of ordering, contriving, to establish, fix, appoint, settle, order, manage; to confirm, regulate, arrange, dispose.
    1.
    Lit.:

    Ti. et C. Gracchos plebem in agris publicis constituisse,

    to have established, Cic. Agr. 2, 5, 10; cf. id. ib. 2, 31, 83:

    ibi futuros Helvetios, ubi eos Caesar constituisset,

    should assign them a permanent abode, Caes. B. G. 1, 13:

    reges in civitate,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 15; cf. id. Off. 2, 12, 41:

    Commium regem ibi,

    Caes. B. G. 4, 21:

    decemviralem potestatem in omnibus urbibus,

    Nep. Lys. 2, 1; cf. Cic. Agr. 2, 7, 17:

    curatores legibus agrariis,

    id. ib.; cf.:

    publice patronum huic causae,

    id. Mur. 2, 4:

    regnum alicui,

    Nep. Chabr. 2, 1 al.:

    composita et constituta res publica,

    Cic. Leg. 3, 18, 42; cf.:

    bene morata et bene constituta civitas,

    id. Brut. 2, 7; so id. Agr. 2, 5, 10 fin.:

    civitates,

    to organize, id. de Or. 1, 9, 35:

    quis tibi concesserit... reliquas utilitates in constituendis civitatibus... a disertis ornateque dicentibus esse constitutas,

    id. ib. 1, 9, 36:

    Chersoneso tali modo constituto,

    Nep. Milt. 2, 4:

    res summā aequitate,

    id. ib. 2, 2; cf.:

    rem nummariam,

    Cic. Off. 3, 20, 80:

    rem familiarem,

    id. Phil. 11, 2, 4.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    ineuntis aetatis inscitia senum constituenda et regenda prudentiā est,

    Cic. Off. 1, 34, 122; cf.:

    majores vestri majestatis constituendae gratiā bis Aventinum occupavere,

    Sall. J. 31, 17; Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 6:

    jam perfectis constitutisque viribus,

    Quint. 10, 1, 57.— Pass. impers.: non tam sinistre constitutum est, ut non, etc., i. e. we are not so badly off as not, etc., Plin. Pan. 45, 5.—Of persons:

    Athenaeum in maximā apud regem auctoritate gratiāque,

    Cic. Fam. 15, 4, 6:

    aliquem sibi quaestoris in loco,

    id. Verr. 2, 1, 30, § 77:

    in potestate aliquem,

    Lact. Epit. 55, 6:

    constituuntur in honoribus, cum magistratus creantur,

    Aug. Cont. adv. Leg. 1, 45 al. —
    D.
    With the access. idea of limiting, fixing, allotting, to fix, appoint something ( for or to something), to settle, agree upon, define, determine.
    1.
    Lit.:

    propter dissensionem placuerat dividi thesauros finesque imperii singulis constitui,

    Sall. J. 12, 1:

    summum pretium,

    Cic. Att. 12, 31, 2; cf.:

    pretium frumento,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 73, § 171:

    certam pecuniam proconsulibus,

    Suet. Aug. 36; id. Ner. 10:

    propria loca senatoribus,

    id. Claud. 21:

    diem nuptiis,

    Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 180; cf.:

    nuptias in hunc diem,

    Ter. And. 1, 5, 34:

    diem concilio,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 30:

    diem colloquio,

    id. ib. 1, 47:

    posterum diem pugnae,

    id. ib. 3, 23 fin.:

    negotio proximum diem,

    Sall. J. 93, 8:

    certum tempus ei rei,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 19:

    grandiorem aetatem ad consulatum,

    Cic. Phil. 5, 17, 47:

    tempus in posterum diem locumque,

    Liv. 38, 25, 2:

    postquam ad constitutam non venerat diem,

    id. 27, 16, 16:

    locus, tempus constitutum est,

    Ter. Eun. 3, 4, 3:

    modum credendi,

    Cic. Rab. Post. 3, 5: de numero pastorum alii angustius, alii laxius constituunt:

    ego in octogenas hirtas oves singulos pastores constitui, Atticus in centenas,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 10, 10.—
    b.
    T. t. of the lang. of business, to accord, agree with one in a thing, to appoint, fix, to concert, agree upon, assent to (cf. Gron. Obss. p. 14 sq.); constr. aliquid cum aliquo, alicui, inter se, or with acc. only, or absol.
    (α).
    Cum aliquo:

    ubiea dies, quam constituerat cum legatis venit,

    Caes. B. G. 1, 8:

    pactam et constitutam esse cum Manlio diem,

    Cic. Cat. 1, 9, 24:

    constitui cum quodam hospite, Me esse illum conventuram,

    Ter. Hec. 1, 2, 120:

    constitui cum hominibus, quo die mihi Messanae praesto essent,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 27, § 65: cum aliquo, ut, etc., Aug. ap. Suet. Calig. 8; cf. under P. a., B. 2.—
    (β).
    Alicui:

    L. Cincio HS. XXCD. constitui me curaturum Idibus Febr.,

    Cic. Att. 1, 7 init.; id. Off. 1, 10, 32:

    ubi nocturnae Numa constituebat amicae,

    Juv. 3, 12; cf.:

    sane, inquit, vellem non constituissem, in Tusculanum me hodie venturum esse, Laelio,

    id. de Or. 1, 62, 265.—
    (γ).
    With acc. only or absol.:

    vadimonia constituta,

    Cic. Sen. 7, 21:

    de pecuniā constitutā,

    Dig. 13, tit. 5; Ter. Heaut. 4, 4, 4:

    (Vaccenses) compositis inter se rebus in diem tertiam constituunt,

    Sall. J. 66, 2:

    sic constituunt, sic condicunt,

    Tac. G. 11; Juv. 6, 487.— Pass. impers.:

    Avillius, ut erat constitutum, simulat se aegrotare,

    Cic. Clu. 13, 37.—
    2.
    Trop.:

    constituendi sunt qui sint in amicitiā fines deligendi,

    Cic. Lael. 16, 56:

    si forte quaereretur quae esset ars imperatoris, constituendum putarem principio, quis esset imperator: qui cum esset constitutus administrator quidam belli gerendi, tum adjungerem, etc. (for which, soon after, definire),

    id. de Or. 1, 48, 210; cf. C. 1. supra, and Quint. 12, 1, 1:

    nondum satis constitui molestiaene plus an voluptatis attulerit mihi Trebatius noster,

    Cic. Fam. 11, 27, 1:

    ut constitueret, honestum esse aliquid quod, etc.,

    id. Off. 2, 3, 9:

    bona possessa non esse constitui,

    id. Quint. 29, 89:

    de hoc Antigonus cum solus constituere non auderet, ad consilium retulit,

    Nep. Eum. 12, 1.—
    E.
    With the access. idea of resolving, to determine to do something, to take a resolution, to resolve, decide, determine.
    (α).
    With inf.:

    si quis mare Neptunum Cereremque vocare Constituit fruges,

    Lucr. 2, 656:

    cohortes duas in Nantuatibus collocare,

    Caes. B. G. 3, 1:

    bellum cum Germanis gerere,

    id. ib. 4, 6:

    Romanorum adventum exspectare atque ibi decertare,

    id. ib. 4, 19:

    desciscere a rege,

    Nep. Dat. 5, 5.—
    (β).
    With acc. and inf.:

    audio constitutum esse Pompeio et ejus consilio in Siciliam me mittere,

    Cic. Att. 7, 7, 4. —
    (γ).
    With interrog.-clause:

    quantum pecuniae quaeque civitas daret, Aristides delectus est, qui constitueret,

    Nep. Arist. 3, 1. —
    (δ).
    With ut:

    rus uti irem, jam heri constitueram,

    Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 136:

    constitueram, ut pridie Idus Aquini manerem,

    Cic. Att. 16, 10, 1:

    constituimus inter nos ut ambulationem conficeremus,

    id. Fin. 5, 1, 1:

    Lentulus cum ceteris constituerant, uti, etc.,

    Sall. C. 43, 1.—Hence, constĭtūtus, a, um, P. a.
    A.
    Adj. (acc. to B.), constituted, arranged, disposed:

    bene constitutum corpus,

    Cic. Tusc. 2, 6, 17:

    viri sapientes et bene naturā constituti,

    id. Sest. 65, 137:

    quotus quisque philosophorum invenitur, qui sit ita moratus, ita animo ac vitā constitutus, ut ratio postulat,

    id. Tusc. 2, 4, 11:

    qui integri sunt et sani et bene constituti de rebus domesticis,

    id. Sest. 45, 97.—
    2.
    (Acc. to C.) Fixed, established:

    cursus siderum,

    Quint. 1, 10, 46:

    discrimina (opp. fortuita),

    id. 5, 10, 42:

    jam confirmatae constitutaeque vocis,

    id. 11, 3, 29.—
    B.
    Subst.: constĭtūtum, i, n.
    1.
    (Acc. to B.) An institution, ordinance, law (mostly postclass.), Cod. Th. 1, 11, 5; 12, 41, 1.—
    b.
    Trop.:

    cum videas ordinem rerum et naturam per constituta procedere,

    according to established laws, Sen. Q. N. 3, 16, 2.—
    2.
    (Acc. to D. 1. b.) An agreement, appointment, accommodation; a compact (in good prose):

    ante rem quaeruntur, quae talia sunt, apparatus, conloquia, locus, constitutum, convivium,

    Cic. Top. 12, 52; so absol., id. Att. 11, 16, 2; id. Cael. 8, 20:

    rescripsit constitutum se cum eo habere,

    id. Att. 12, 23, 3:

    constitutum factum esse cum servis, ut venirent, etc.,

    id. Cael. 25, 61; and humorously: si quod constitutum cum podagra habes, fac ut in alium diem differas, id. Fam. 7, 4; so,

    ad constitutum venire,

    Varr. R. R. 2, 5, 1; Cic. Caecin. 12, 33:

    se proripu it,

    Suet. Oth. 6;

    and without a verb,

    Cic. Att. 12, 1, 1; Flor. 2, 6, 16 (but in Vell. 2, 110, 1, the better read. is consili).

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > constituo

  • 18 orden

    f.
    1 order (mandato).
    ¡a la orden!, ¡a sus órdenes! (military) (yes) sir!
    dar órdenes to give orders
    estar a la orden del día to be the order of the day
    hasta nueva orden until further notice
    por orden de by order of
    orden de busca y captura warrant for search and arrest
    2 order.
    orden de caballería order of knighthood
    orden militar military order
    ¿ya les tomaron la orden? have you ordered yet?
    4 kind, class, order.
    Un nuevo orden de dificultad A new kind of difficulty.
    5 religious order, order.
    6 writ.
    7 command line.
    m.
    1 order.
    en o por orden alfabético/cronológico in alphabetical/chronological order
    llamar al orden a alguien to call somebody to order
    poner en orden algo to tidy something up
    por orden in order
    sin orden ni concierto in a haphazard way
    las fuerzas del orden the forces of law and order
    el orden establecido the established order
    orden público law and order
    2 type, order (tipo).
    del orden de around, approximately, of o in the order of
    en otro orden de cosas on the other hand
    * * *
    2 BIOLOGÍA order
    3 ARQUITECTURA order
    4 field, sphere
    1 (mandato) order
    ■ ¡es una orden! that's an order!
    ■ ¡a la orden mi comandante! right away sir!
    2 RELIGIÓN order
    \
    del orden de of the order of, US on the order of
    de primer orden first-rate
    estar algo a la orden del día to be the done thing
    por orden de aparición in order of appearance
    por orden de by order of
    el orden del día the agenda
    la orden del día MILITAR the order of the day
    las fuerzas del orden the security forces
    orden de búsqueda y captura→ link=ordenorden de detención
    orden de caballería order of knighthood
    orden de detención arrest warrant
    orden de pago order of payment
    orden de registro search warrant
    orden judicial court order
    orden público public order, the peace, law and order
    * * *
    1. noun m. 2. noun f.
    order, command
    * * *
    1. SM
    1) [en colocación, sucesión]
    a) [con objetos, personas] order

    • poner orden en algo — to sort sth out

    b)

    • en orden — in order

    todo en orden, mi capitán — everything is in order, captain

    • poner en orden — [+ papeles, documentos] to sort out

    2) (tb: orden social) order

    • llamar al orden — to call to order

    • mantener el orden — to keep order

    • restablecer el orden — to restore o reestablish order

    orden público — public order, law and order

    3) (=tipo) nature

    • en otro orden de cosas... — at the same time..., meanwhile...

    • de primer orden — [figura] leading; [factor] of prime importance, prime

    • en todos los órdenes — on all fronts

    4)

    • del orden de — in the order of, in the region of

    necesitamos del orden de 1.500 euros para comprarlo — we need approximately 1,500 euros to buy it

    5)

    • en orden a — (=con miras a) with a view to; (=en cuanto a) with regard to

    • en orden a hacer algo — in order to do sth

    6) (Arquit) order
    7) (Bio) order
    8) (Rel) (tb: orden sacerdotal) ordination
    2. SF
    1) (=mandato) order

    ¡es una orden! — (and) that's an order!

    • dar una orden a algn — to give sb an order, order sb

    • hasta nueva orden — until further notice

    • por orden de — by order of

    estar a la orden del día —

    orden de allanamiento — LAm search warrant

    orden de arresto, orden de búsqueda y captura — arrest warrant

    orden de comparación — Méx summons, subpoena (EEUU)

    orden del día — (Mil) order of the day

    orden ministerial — ministerial order, ministerial decree

    2)

    • a la orden —

    a) (Mil) yes, sir!
    b) LAm [en tienda] what can I get you?; (=no hay de qué) you're welcome, don't mention it!

    estoy a la orden para lo que necesites — if there is anything you need, just ask

    c)

    • a las órdenes de algn — (Mil) at sb's command; [en la policía] under sb's instructions o orders; [en otros trabajos] under sb

    ¡a sus órdenes! — (Mil) yes sir; esp LAm at your service

    3) (Mil, Hist, Rel) (=institución) order
    4) pl órdenes (Rel) orders
    5) (Com, Econ) order; Méx (=pedido) order

    • cheques a la orden de Suárez — cheques (to be made) payable to Suárez

    6) Méx (=ración) dish
    * * *
    I
    1) ( mandato) order

    por orden del Sr Alcalde — by order of His Honour (AmE) o (BrE) Worship the Mayor

    estamos a la orden para lo que necesite — (AmL) just let us know if there's anything we can do for you

    a sus órdenes! — yes, sir!

    a la orden! — (Mil) yes, sir!; ( fórmula de cortesía) (Andes, Méx, Ven) you're welcome, not at all

    2) (Fin) order
    3) (Hist, Mil, Relig) order
    4) (AmL) (Com) ( pedido) order
    II
    1)
    a) (indicando colocación, jerarquía) order

    en or por orden alfabético — in alphabetical order

    b) (armonía, concierto) order

    llamar a alguien al orden — to call somebody to order

    sin orden ni concierto — without rhyme or reason

    c) ( disciplina) order
    d) (de curas/monjas order; ( fraternidad) order
    2)
    a) (frml) (carácter, índole) nature
    b) ( cantidad)

    del orden de — (frml) on the order of (AmE), in o of the order of (BrE)

    c) (period) ( ámbito)

    en otro orden de cosas ¿qué opina de...? — moving on to something else, what do you think about...?

    3)
    a) (Arquit) order
    b) (Biol, Zool) order
    * * *
    I
    1) ( mandato) order

    por orden del Sr Alcalde — by order of His Honour (AmE) o (BrE) Worship the Mayor

    estamos a la orden para lo que necesite — (AmL) just let us know if there's anything we can do for you

    a sus órdenes! — yes, sir!

    a la orden! — (Mil) yes, sir!; ( fórmula de cortesía) (Andes, Méx, Ven) you're welcome, not at all

    2) (Fin) order
    3) (Hist, Mil, Relig) order
    4) (AmL) (Com) ( pedido) order
    II
    1)
    a) (indicando colocación, jerarquía) order

    en or por orden alfabético — in alphabetical order

    b) (armonía, concierto) order

    llamar a alguien al orden — to call somebody to order

    sin orden ni concierto — without rhyme or reason

    c) ( disciplina) order
    d) (de curas/monjas order; ( fraternidad) order
    2)
    a) (frml) (carácter, índole) nature
    b) ( cantidad)

    del orden de — (frml) on the order of (AmE), in o of the order of (BrE)

    c) (period) ( ámbito)

    en otro orden de cosas ¿qué opina de...? — moving on to something else, what do you think about...?

    3)
    a) (Arquit) order
    b) (Biol, Zool) order
    * * *
    orden1
    1 = command, commandment, directive, instruction, injunction, command function, edict.

    Ex: The first half of the command looks for words hit by 'FIB?' immediately followed by a word hit by 'OPTIC?'.

    Ex: The commandment KOLN see COLOGNE should be sufficient cause for the rejection of the illicit proposal to establish OPERA -- KOLN.
    Ex: This directive is not an instruction and does not prevent adherence to the citation order.
    Ex: A command language is the language with which the search proceeds; the commands are instructions that the searcher can issue to the computer.
    Ex: Familiar injunctions such as 'Enter under...' seem to have been lost.
    Ex: The command function 'BASE' is used to identify the data base to be searched.
    Ex: A French edict of 1571 set the maximum price of Latin textbooks in large type at 3 deniers a sheet.
    * acatar + Posesivo + órdenes = march to + Posesivo + orders.
    * búsqueda por medio de órdenes = command search.
    * cadena de órdenes = command chain.
    * dar una orden = issue + command, issue + instruction.
    * de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based.
    * dictar órdenes = hand down + decisions.
    * ejecutar una orden = execute + command, execute + instruction.
    * encadenamiento de órdenes = command chaining.
    * estar a la orden del día = be the order of the day.
    * interfaz de consulta mediante órdenes = command-based interface.
    * intérprete de órdenes = command interpreter.
    * lenguaje de órdenes = command language.
    * llevar a cabo una orden = execute + command.
    * modalidad por órdenes = command mode.
    * orden bancaria = standing order, direct debit, direct billing.
    * orden de ampliar la búsqueda a los términos relacionados = explode command.
    * orden de arresto = warrant for + Posesivo + arrest, arrest warrant.
    * orden de comparecencia = subpoena, summons, judicial summons.
    * orden de compra = purchase order.
    * orden de desalojo = eviction order.
    * orden de deshaucio = eviction order.
    * orden de detención = arrest warrant, warrant for + Posesivo + arrest.
    * orden de funcionamiento del disco = disc operating command.
    * orden de mostrar los términos relacionados = expand command.
    * orden de pedido = order.
    * órdenes = command line operation.
    * orden judicial = warrant, court order, writ.
    * orden judicial de alejamiento = protection order.
    * orden judicial de distanciamiento = restraining order.
    * orden permanente de pago = standing account.
    * orden por comportamiento antisocial = ASBO (Antisocial Behaviour Order).
    * por orden de = mandated.
    * por orden del congreso = congressionally mandated.
    * que funciona a base de órdenes = command-driven.

    orden2
    2 = array, order, sequence, ranking, tidiness.

    Ex: A microopaque is a sheet of opaque material bearing a number of microimages in a two-dimensional array.

    Ex: A catalogue is a list of the materials or items in a library, with the entries representing the items arranged in some systematic order.
    Ex: A classified catalogue is a catalogue with three or four separate sequences: an author/title catalogue or index (or separate author and title catalogues), a classified subject catalogue, and a subject index to the classified catalogue.
    Ex: Those documents with sufficiently high rankings will be deemed relevant and eventually retrieved.
    Ex: The physical qualities that make a difference as to whether people visit woodlands or not include directional signs, good information boards and tidiness of appearance.
    * agente del orden = law enforcement officer, law-enforcement official, law enforcer.
    * alteración del orden = breach of the peace.
    * alteración del orden público = disorderly conduct, public order offence, breach of the peace.
    * alterar el orden público = breach + the peace, disturb + the peace.
    * clasificar en orden de importancia = rank + in order of importance.
    * del orden de = by the order of + Expresión Numérica.
    * de orden inferior = lower-order.
    * de orden superior = higher-order.
    * de primer orden = world-class, blue chip [blue-chip], first-order [1st-order].
    * de segundo orden = minor, second-order [2nd-order].
    * de tercer orden = tertiary.
    * en circuitos de segundo orden = in the provinces.
    * en cualquier orden = either way round.
    * en el mismo orden que = in sync with.
    * en el orden del día = on the agenda.
    * en orden de importancia = in rank order, in order.
    * en orden jerárquico = in ranked order.
    * en otro orden de cosas = on another topic, as for, as regards, meanwhile, on another matter, on another note, on other matters.
    * falto de orden = unordered.
    * fuerzas del orden = police force.
    * fuerzas del orden público = police force.
    * imponer orden = impose + order, bring + order.
    * imponer orden en donde hay caos = bring + order out of chaos.
    * mantener Algo en orden = keep + Nombre + in order.
    * mantener el orden = keep + order, police.
    * mantener el orden público = maintain + public order.
    * Norma Británica 1749: Recomendaciones para la ordenación alfabética y el ord = BS (British Standard) 1749: Recommendations for alphabetical arrangement and the filing order of numerals and symbols.
    * número de orden = rank number.
    * orden alfabético = alphabetical order, alphabetic order.
    * orden alfanumérico = alphanumeric order.
    * ordenar por orden de importancia = rank + in order.
    * orden ascendente = ascending order, ascending sequence.
    * orden cronológico = chronological order.
    * orden de cita = citation order, combination order.
    * orden de coautoría = co-authorship order.
    * orden de combinación de encabezamientos = citation order.
    * orden decreciente de importancia = decreasing order of importance.
    * orden de firma = co-authorship order.
    * orden de importancia = pecking order, significance order.
    * orden de importancia de los conceptos = significance order of terms.
    * orden del día = agenda.
    * orden de precedencia = order of precedence.
    * orden de preferencia = order of preference.
    * orden de prioridad = order of preference, priority order, pecking order, order of precedence.
    * orden de registro = search warrant.
    * orden descendente = descending order, descending sequence.
    * orden de sucesión = order of succession.
    * orden directo = direct order.
    * orden geográfico = geographical order.
    * orden integrado = integrated sequence.
    * orden inverso = reverse order.
    * orden inverso de palabras = indirect word order.
    * orden mundial = world order.
    * orden numérico = numerical order, numeric order.
    * orden preferido = preferred order.
    * orden público = public order.
    * orden secuencial = sequential order.
    * orden semiintegrado = semi-integrated sequence.
    * orden separado = separate sequence.
    * orden sistemático = classified order, systematic order.
    * orden social = social order.
    * orden topográfico = shelf order.
    * organizar según un orden específico = organise in + Adjetivo + order.
    * pensamiento de orden superior = higher-order thinking.
    * poner en orden = tidy up, put in + order, clear up.
    * poner orden = bring + order, tidying (up), create + order, clear out, clear up.
    * poner orden en el caos = create + order out of chaos.
    * por orden numérico = in numerical order.
    * punto del orden del día = agenda item.
    * ser del orden de + Número = be of the order of + Número.
    * sin orden = unordered.
    * sin orden ni concierto = higgledy-piggledy, without rhyme or reason.
    * turbar el orden público = disturb + the peace, breach + the peace.

    orden3
    3 = order.

    Ex: The taxonomic subclass of acari (mites and ticks) comprises tens of thousands of species, grouped in many families and several orders.

    * ingresar en una orden religiosa = join + religious order.
    * orden de caballería = knighthood.
    * orden de los Agustinos = Augustinian order.
    * orden de los franciscanos, la = Franciscan order, the.
    * orden de los Jesuitas = Jesuit order.
    * orden monástica = monastic order.
    * orden religiosa = religious order.

    * * *
    A
    1 (mandato) order; ( Mil) order
    recibieron órdenes de desalojar el local they received orders to clear the premises
    acatar una orden to obey an order
    está siempre dando órdenes he's always giving orders
    deja de darme órdenes stop ordering me about
    por orden del Sr Alcalde se hace saber que … by order of His Worship the Mayor it is announced that …
    hasta nueva orden until further notice
    quedo a sus órdenes para … ( Corresp) ( frml); I am at your service for … ( frml)
    el coche/la casa está a sus órdenes the car/house is at your disposal
    por aquí estamos a la orden para cualquier cosa que necesite ( AmL); just let us know if there's anything we can do for you o we can do to help
    ¡a sus órdenes! yes, sir!
    2
    ¡a la orden! ( Mil) yes, sir!; (fórmula de cortesía) (Andes, Méx, Ven) you're welcome, not at all, it's a pleasure
    Compuestos:
    restraining order,protective order ( AmE)
    arrest warrant
    ● orden de busca y captura or de búsqueda y captura
    arrest warrant
    (Chi, Méx) search warrant
    notice to quit
    arrest warrant
    ( Mil) order of the day
    estar a la orden del día to be the order of the day
    los atracos están a la orden del día muggings are the order of the day (at the moment)
    estos ordenadores están a la orden del día these computers are all the rage ( colloq)
    ver tb orden2 (↑ orden (2))
    travel warrant
    court order
    ministerial order o decree
    B ( Fin) order
    orden bancaria banker's order
    orden de pago order to pay
    páguese a la orden de … pay to the order of …
    Compuesto:
    standing order
    1 ( Hist, Mil) order
    orden militar military order
    orden de caballería order of knighthood
    la Orden de Calatrava/Santiago the Order of Calatrava/Santiago
    2 ( Relig) order
    una orden religiosa a religious order
    E ( Relig) (grado) order
    Compuestos:
    ● órdenes menores/mayores
    fpl minor/major orders (pl)
    fpl holy orders (pl)
    F ( AmL) ( Com) (pedido) order
    A
    1 (indicando colocación, jerarquía) order
    las fichas están en or por orden alfabético the cards are in alphabetical order
    el orden de las palabras the order of the words
    pónganse por orden de estatura line up according to height
    reparto por orden de aparición cast in order of appearance
    por orden cronológico in chronological order
    por orden de antigüedad in order of seniority
    vayamos por orden let's begin at the beginning
    2 (armonía, concierto) order
    pon un poco de orden en la habitación straighten your room up a little ( AmE), tidy your room up a bit ( BrE)
    puso orden en las cuentas she sorted the accounts out, she got the accounts straight
    puso las páginas en orden she sorted out the pages, she put the pages in order
    tengo que poner mis ideas en orden I have to sort my ideas out
    no tenía los papeles en orden his documents weren't in order
    ¿falta algo? — no, está todo en orden is anything missing? — no, everything is in order
    el nuevo orden mundial the new world order
    llamar a algn al orden to call sb to order
    sin orden ni concierto without rhyme or reason
    3 (disciplina) order
    para mantener el orden en la clase to keep order in the classroom
    ¡orden en la sala! order in court!
    la policía restableció el orden the police reestablished order
    Compuestos:
    battle formation
    agenda
    el primer tema del orden del día the first item on the agenda
    natural order
    el orden natural de las cosas the natural order of things
    public order
    mantener el orden público to keep the peace
    lo detuvieron por alterar el orden público he was arrested for causing a breach of the peace
    ● orden sacerdotal or sagrado
    ordination
    B
    1 ( frml) (carácter, índole) nature
    problemas de orden económico problems of an economic nature
    2
    (cantidad): del orden de ( frml); on the order of ( AmE), in o of the order of ( BrE)
    ingresos del orden de los 150.000 dólares receipts on o in o of the order of 150,000 dollars
    3 ( period)
    (ámbito): en el orden internacional on the international front
    en este orden de cosas in this respect
    4
    en orden a ( frml); with a view to
    C
    1 ( Arquit) order
    orden dórico/jónico/corintio Doric/Ionic/Corinthian order
    2 ( Biol, Zool) order
    * * *

     

    orden 1 sustantivo femenino
    1 ( mandato) order;

    hasta nueva orden until further notice;
    estamos a la orden para lo que necesite (AmL) just let us know if there's anything we can do for you;
    ¡a la orden! (Mil) yes, sir!;

    ( fórmula de cortesía) (Andes, Méx, Ven) you're welcome, not at all;
    orden de arresto or de busca y captura arrest warrant;
    orden de registro or (Chi, Méx) de cateo search warrant;

    2 (Fin) order;

    3 (Hist, Mil, Relig) order
    4 (AmL) ( pedido) order
    orden 2 sustantivo masculino
    1 ( en general) order;
    en or por orden alfabético in alphabetical order;

    vayamos por orden let's begin at the beginning;
    poner algo en orden ‹habitación/armario/juguetes› to straight sth (up) (esp AmE), to tidy sth up (esp BrE);

    ‹asuntos/papeles› to sort sth up;
    ‹ fichas› to put sth in order;

    orden del día agenda;
    orden público public order;
    alterar el orden público to cause a breach of the peace
    2
    a) (frml) (carácter, índole) nature;


    b) ( cantidad):

    ◊ del orden de (frml) on the order of (AmE), in o of the order of (BrE)

    orden
    I sustantivo masculino
    1 (colocación, disciplina) order: hace falta un poco de orden, we need a bit of order here
    orden del día, agenda
    2 Arquit & Biol order
    3 (tipo) nature: es un problema de orden moral, it's a moral issue
    II sustantivo femenino
    1 (mandato) order: no obedecimos sus órdenes, we failed to obey his orders
    Jur warrant, order
    orden de arresto, arrest warrant
    2 Rel Mil order
    la orden de los benedictinos, the Benedictine order
    ♦ Locuciones: Mil ¡a la orden/a sus órdenes!, yes, sir!
    estar a la orden del día, to be common
    llamar al orden, to call sb to order
    poner en orden, to put in order: tengo que poner en orden mis ideas, I have to organize my ideas
    del orden de, approximately: en el cine había del orden de mil personas, there were about one thousand people at the movies
    sin orden ni concierto, without rhyme or reason
    ' orden' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    alteración
    - atenerse
    - auto
    - bastante
    - consigna
    - desorden
    - desordenar
    - desordenada
    - desordenado
    - después
    - disposición
    - ejecutar
    - excarcelar
    - incumplir
    - incumplimiento
    - inversa
    - inverso
    - invertir
    - librar
    - mandamiento
    - mandato
    - marear
    - mendicante
    - perturbar
    - primera
    - primero
    - recoger
    - replicar
    - respetar
    - restablecer
    - restablecimiento
    - revolucionar
    - transmitir
    - trastocar
    - acatar
    - allanamiento
    - alterar
    - alzar
    - anterior
    - antes
    - anular
    - ausencia
    - cumplir
    - disturbio
    - ejecución
    - fuerza
    - invertido
    - lanzamiento
    - llamada
    - luego
    English:
    after
    - agenda
    - alphabetically
    - antisocial
    - arrange
    - before
    - bottom
    - breach
    - collect
    - command
    - comply
    - court order
    - disorder
    - disturb
    - enforce
    - execute
    - execution
    - first
    - gather
    - in
    - item
    - keep
    - next
    - numerical
    - obey
    - order
    - order of the day
    - place
    - prioritize
    - reverse
    - right
    - sequence
    - shall
    - shipshape
    - should
    - sort out
    - standing order
    - straight
    - system
    - third
    - thousandth
    - tidiness
    - to
    - warrant
    - writ
    - alphabetical
    - bark
    - descend
    - disorderly
    - drunk
    * * *
    orden1 nm
    1. [secuencia, colocación correcta] order;
    un orden jerárquico a hierarchy;
    le gusta el orden y la limpieza she likes order and cleanliness;
    Mat
    el orden de los factores no altera el producto the order of the factors does not affect the product;
    en orden [bien colocado] tidy, in its place;
    [como debe ser] in order;
    poner en orden algo, poner orden en algo [cosas, habitación] to tidy sth up;
    tengo que poner mis ideas/mi vida en orden I have to put my ideas/life in order, I have to sort out my ideas/life;
    en o [m5]por orden alfabético/cronológico in alphabetical/chronological order;
    por orden in order;
    por orden de antigüedad/de tamaños in order of seniority/size;
    Cine & Teatro
    por orden de aparición in order of appearance;
    orden del día agenda
    2. [normalidad, disciplina] order;
    acatar el orden establecido to respect the established order;
    llamar al orden a alguien to call sb to order;
    el orden natural de las cosas the natural order of things;
    mantener/restablecer el orden to keep/restore order;
    ¡orden en la sala! order! order!
    el orden público law and order
    3. [tipo] order, type;
    dilemas de orden filosófico philosophical dilemmas;
    problemas de orden financiero economic problems;
    es una universidad de primer(ísimo) orden it's a first-rate university;
    del orden de around, approximately, of o in the order of;
    en otro orden de cosas on the other hand
    orden de magnitud order of magnitude
    4. Biol order
    5. Arquit order
    orden corintio Corinthian order;
    orden dórico Doric order;
    orden jónico Ionic order
    6. Rel el orden sacerdotal [sacramento] holy orders
    orden2 nf
    1. [mandato] order;
    ¡es una orden! that's an order!;
    Mil
    ¡a la orden!, ¡a sus órdenes! (yes) sir!;
    Am
    estoy a las/sus órdenes I am at your service;
    Am
    si no me queda bien, ¿la puedo cambiar? – cómo no, a sus o [m5] las órdenes if it's not right, can I change it? – of course you can, we're at your disposal;
    Am
    mi auto/casa está a la orden my car/house is at your disposal;
    cumplir órdenes to obey orders;
    dar órdenes (a alguien) to give (sb) orders;
    a mí nadie me da órdenes I don't take orders from anyone;
    hasta nueva orden until further notice;
    por orden de by order of;
    el local fue cerrado por orden del ayuntamiento the premises were closed by order of o on the orders of the town council;
    obedecer órdenes to obey orders;
    recibimos órdenes del jefe we received orders from the boss;
    sólo recibo órdenes de mis superiores I only take orders from my superiors;
    tener órdenes de hacer algo to have orders to do sth
    Der orden de arresto arrest warrant; Der orden de busca y captura warrant for search and arrest; Der orden de comparecencia summons;
    orden de desahucio eviction order;
    orden de desalojo eviction order;
    Der orden de detención arrest warrant; Der orden de detención europea European arrest warrant;
    la orden del día Mil the order of the day;
    Am [de reunión] the agenda;
    estar a la orden del día [muy habitual] to be the order of the day;
    orden de embargo order for seizure;
    Der orden judicial court order; CSur Der orden de lanzamiento eviction order; Der orden de registro search warrant
    2. Com order
    orden de compra purchase order; Bolsa buy order; Bolsa orden al mercado market order;
    orden de pago payment order;
    Bolsa orden de venta sell order
    3. [institución] order
    orden de caballería order of knighthood;
    orden mendicante mendicant order;
    orden militar military order;
    orden monástica monastic order
    4. Rel órdenes sagradas holy orders
    5. Am [pedido] order;
    ¿ya les tomaron la orden? have you ordered yet?;
    ¿tiene la orden del médico? have you got the form from your doctor?
    * * *
    1 m
    1 order;
    por orden alfabético in alphabetical order;
    por orden de altura in order of height;
    poner en orden tidy up, straighten up;
    sin orden ni concierto without rhyme or reason
    2 ( clase)
    :
    de todo orden of all kinds o types;
    de primer orden top-ranking, leading
    3
    :
    llamar al orden call to order
    4 ARQUI order
    2 f ( mandamiento) order;
    por orden de by order of, on the orders of;
    hasta nueva orden until further notice;
    ¡a la orden! yes, sir
    * * *
    orden nm, pl órdenes
    1) : order
    todo está en orden: everything's in order
    por orden cronológico: in chronological order
    2)
    orden del día : agenda (at a meeting)
    3)
    orden público : law and order
    orden nf, pl órdenes
    1) : order
    una orden religiosa: a religious order
    una orden de tacos: an order of tacos
    2)
    orden de compra : purchase order
    3)
    estar a la orden del día : to be the order of the day, to be prevalent
    * * *
    1. (en general) order
    2. (clase, tipo) nature
    ¡a la orden! yes, sir!
    orden público law and order / the peace

    Spanish-English dictionary > orden

  • 19 Recht

    I Adj.
    1. (richtig) right; am rechten Ort in the right place; vom rechten Weg abkommen lose one’s way; fig. go off the rails, stray from the straight and narrow; ich habe keinen rechten Appetit I don’t really feel like eating anything; ganz recht! quite right!, Am. absolutely!; so ist’s recht that’s right, that’s the stuff umg.; es ist nicht recht, dass wenige alles haben it’s not right that everything is in the hands of a few; das ist nur recht und billig it’s only fair ( oder right and proper); das ist alles recht und schön, aber... that’s all very well, but...; alles was recht ist! fair’s fair; (das geht zu weit) you can go too far, there’s a limit; schon recht! all right, Am. umg. alright; was dem einen recht ist, ist dem andern billig what’s sauce (Am. good) for the goose is sauce (Am. good) for the gander
    2. (passend, angebracht) right, proper, suitable; der rechte Augenblick the right ( oder a suitable) moment
    3. (gesetzmäßig) lawful, legitimate
    4. (wirklich) true, real; ein rechter Narr a right (Am. complete) fool
    5. (gut) good
    6. (akzeptabel) all right, Am. umg. alright; mir ist’s recht I don’t mind, it’s all right (Am. umg. alright) with me, (it) suits me; mir ist alles recht it’s all the same to me, I don’t mind either way; ihm ist jedes Mittel recht he’ll stop (stick umg.) at nothing
    7. subst.: nach dem Rechten sehen make sure everything’s all right (Am. umg. alright); es war nichts Rechtes it wasn’t the real thing; nichts Rechtes gelernt haben have learnt (Am. learned) no proper trade; aus ihm kann ja nichts Rechtes werden he will never come to anything; nichts Rechtes mit jemandem / etw. anzufangen wissen not know what to do with s.o. / s.th.; Recht, richtig, Ding 2, Licht, schlecht II
    II Adv.
    1. (richtig) properly; recht daran tun zu (+ Inf.) do right to (+ Inf.) es geschieht ihr recht it serves her right; sie will es allen recht machen she wants to please everybody; man kann es nicht allen recht machen you can’t please everyone ( oder all the people all of the time); dir kann man auch nichts recht machen one can’t do anything right for you, everything I do is wrong (for you); ich weiß nicht recht I’m not sure, I really don’t know; wenn ich es mir recht überlege when I think about it; ich werde nicht recht klug daraus I don’t quite know what to make of it; wenn ich Sie recht verstehe if I understand you right(ly); verstehen Sie mich recht! don’t get me wrong; ich seh wohl nicht recht! I must be seeing things; ich hör wohl nicht recht! I can’t believe what you’re saying, say that again; (das kann nicht dein Ernst sein) you can’t be serious; du kommst mir gerade recht just the person I want; iro. you’re the last person I wanted (to see)
    2. (sehr) very; (ziemlich) rather, bes. Am. somewhat, pretty umg.; recht enttäuscht rather disappointed; recht geschickt rather ( oder very) clever, Am. umg. pretty smart; recht gut pretty good ( oder well); es gefällt mir recht gut I rather ( stärker: really) like it, Am. auch I like it a lot; erst recht all the more (so)
    * * *
    das Recht
    (Anspruch) right;
    * * *
    Rẹcht [rɛçt]
    nt -(e)s, -e
    1) (= Rechtsordnung, sittliche Norm) law; (= Gerechtigkeit) justice

    Recht sprechen — to administer or dispense justice

    das Schwurgericht hat für Recht erkannt... — the court has reached the following verdict or has decided...

    von Rechts wegen — legally, as of right; (inf

    2) pl form = Rechtswissenschaft) jurisprudence
    3) (= Anspruch, Berechtigung) right (
    auf +acc to, zu to)

    ich nehme mir das Recht, das zu tun — I shall make so bold as to do that

    sein Recht bekommen or erhalten or kriegen (inf) — to get one's rights, to get what is one's by right

    zu seinem Recht kommen (lit) — to gain one's rights; (fig) to come into one's own

    der Körper verlangt sein Recht auf Schlaf — the body demands its rightful sleep

    gleiche Rechte, gleiche Pflichten — equal rights, equal duties

    mit or zu Recht — rightly, with justification

    Sie stellen diese Frage ganz zu Recht — you are quite right to ask this question

    im Recht sein — to be in the right

    es ist unser gutes Recht, zu erfahren... — we have every right to know...

    woher nimmt er das Recht, das zu sagen? — what gives him the right to say that?

    See:
    4)

    er hat recht bekommen — he was right

    ich hatte recht, und ich habe recht behalten — I was right and I'm still right

    * * *
    das
    1) (the collection of rules according to which people live or a country etc is governed: Such an action is against the law; law and order.) law
    2) (to be fair to someone.) give (someone) his due
    3) (the law or the administration of it: Their dispute had to be settled in a court of justice.) justice
    4) (something a person is, or ought to be, allowed to have, do etc: Everyone has the right to a fair trial; You must fight for your rights; You have no right to say that.) right
    5) (at the right; to the right of something else: the top right-hand drawer of my desk.) right-hand
    * * *
    <-[e]s, -e>
    [rɛçt]
    nt
    das Gericht hat für \Recht erkannt, dass... the court has reached the verdict [or has decided] that...
    das \Recht war auf ihrer Seite she had right on her side
    \Recht des Erfüllungsortes lex loci solutionis
    \Recht des Gerichtsortes lex fori
    \Recht der unerlaubten Handlungen law of torts
    \Recht des Kaufvertrags law of sales
    \Recht der belegenen Sache lex situs [or rei sitae]
    das \Recht des Stärkeren the law of the jungle
    \Recht des Vertragsortes lex loci contractus
    akzessorisches \Recht accessory right
    alleiniges/veräußerliches \Recht sole/alienable right
    ausländisches \Recht foreign law
    bürgerliches/kirchliches [o kanonisches] /öffentliches \Recht civil/canon/public law
    dispositives \Recht optional rules pl, flexible law
    formelles/materielles \Recht procedural/substantive law
    geltendes \Recht prevailing law
    objektives \Recht objective law
    positives \Recht positive law
    zwingendes \Recht cogent [or binding] law
    das Recht \Recht to bend the law
    das \Recht brechen to break the law
    für das Recht \Recht to fight for justice
    \Recht sprechen to dispense [or administer] justice [or the law]
    das \Recht mit Füßen treten to fly in the face of the law
    gegen \Recht und Gesetz verstoßen to infringe [or violate] the law
    nach deutschem \Recht in [or under] [or according to] German law
    nach geltendem \Recht under existing law
    2. (juristischer oder moralischer Anspruch) right
    gleiches \Recht für alle! equal rights for all!
    das ist dein gutes \Recht that is your right
    mit welchem \Recht hat sie das getan? by what right did she do that?
    ich nehme mir das \Recht, das zu tun I shall make so bold as to do that
    ▪ jds \Recht auf jdn/etw sb's right to sb/sth
    \Recht auf Ablehnung eines Richters right of rejection
    das \Recht auf einen Anwalt/auf Verweigerung der Aussage the right to a lawyer/to remain silent
    das \Recht auf Arbeit the right to work
    \Recht auf Entnahme FIN right of withdrawal
    \Recht auf [rechtliches] Gehör right to be heard [or of audience [in court]]
    \Recht auf ungestörte Nutzung right of quiet enjoyment
    \Rechte und Pflichten laws and duties
    \Recht auf Prüfung der Bücher FIN right to inspect the books
    abgeleitetes \Recht derivative right
    dingliches \Recht right in rem, real right
    grundstücksgleiches \Recht full legal title to land
    subjektives \Recht [individual's] right
    subjektiv dingliches \Recht right ad [or in] rem
    wohl erworbenes \Recht vested right [or interest]
    ein \Recht ausüben/verlieren to exercise/forfeit a right
    ein \Recht begründen/genießen to establish/enjoy a right
    jds \Rechte beeinträchtigen/verletzen to encroach/to trespass upon sb's rights
    auf seinem \Recht beharren to stand on one's rights
    sein \Recht bekommen [o erhalten] [o (fam) kriegen] to get one's rights [or justice] [or one's dues]
    sein \Recht fordern [o verlangen] to demand one's rights
    der Körper verlangt sein \Recht the body demands its due
    der Körper verlangt sein Recht auf Schlaf the body demands its due [or rightful] sleep
    seine \Rechte geltend machen to insist on one's rights
    ein \Recht auf etw haben to have a right to sth
    zu seinem \Recht kommen to get justice [or one's rights]; (fig) to be given due attention
    auf sein \Recht pochen [o bestehen] to insist on one's rights
    auf ein \Recht verzichten to relinquish a right
    alle \Rechte vorbehalten all rights reserved
    wohl erworbene \Rechte acquired [or vested] rights
    von \Rechts wegen legally, as of right; (eigentlich) by rights
    3. kein pl (Befugnis, Berechtigung) right
    was gibt Ihnen das \Recht,...? what gives you the right...?
    mit welchem \Recht? by what right?
    woher nimmst du das \Recht, das zu sagen? what gives you the right to say that?
    zu etw dat kein \Recht haben to have no right to sth
    jds gutes \Recht sein[, etw zu tun] to be sb's [legal] right [to do sth]
    das ist mein gutes \Recht it's my right
    es ist mein gutes \Recht, zu erfahren... I have every right to know...
    etw mit [gutem] \Recht tun to be [quite] right to do sth
    sich dat das \Recht vorbehalten, etw zu tun to reserve the right to do sth
    mit [o zu] \Recht rightly, with justification
    und das mit \Recht! and rightly so!
    du stellst mir die Frage ganz zu \Recht you are quite right to ask this question
    4. (das Richtige, Zustehende) right
    wo [o wenn] er \Recht hat, hat er \Recht when he's right, he's right
    [mit etw dat] \Recht behalten to be [proved] right [about sth]
    \Recht bekommen to win one's case
    jdm \Recht geben to admit that sb is right, to agree with sb
    \Recht haben to be [in the] right
    im \Recht sein to be in the right
    5. (veraltet: Rechtswissenschaft) jurisprudence
    Doktor der [o beider] \Rechte Doctor of Laws
    6.
    ▶ \Recht muss \Recht bleiben (Naturrecht) fair's fair; (Gesetz) the law is the law
    ▶ gleiche \Rechte, gleiche Pflichten (prov) equal rights, equal duties; s.a. Fug, Gnade
    * * *
    das; Recht[e]s, Rechte

    das Recht brechen/beugen — break/bend the law

    Recht sprechen — administer the law; administer justice

    von Rechts wegen — by law; (ugs.): (eigentlich) by rights

    2) (Rechtsanspruch) right

    alle Rechte vorbehalten — all rights reserved

    sein Recht fordern od. verlangen — demand one's rights

    zu seinem Recht kommen — (fig.) be given due attention

    3) o. Pl. (Berechtigung) right (auf + Akk. to)

    zu Recht — rightly; with justification

    4)

    jemandem Recht geben — concede or admit that somebody is right

    * * *
    Recht n; -(e)s, -e
    1. JUR (Gesetze) law; (Anspruch, Berechtigung) right; (Vollmacht, Befugnis) authority;
    bürgerliches/öffentliches Recht civil/public law;
    Recht und Ordnung law and order;
    verletzen break the law;
    Recht muss Recht bleiben the law’s the law; fig fair’s fair;
    nach geltendem Recht under existing law;
    nach deutschem Recht under German law;
    alle Rechte vorbehalten all rights reserved;
    etwas mit vollem Recht tun have every right to do sth;
    von Rechts wegen by rights; JUR by law;
    Recht sprechen administer justice;
    das Recht haben zu (+inf) have the right ( oder be entitled) to (+inf) Bevollmächtigter: be empowered to (+inf)
    im Recht sein, das Recht auf seiner Seite haben be in the right;
    das Recht auf Streik the right to strike;
    das Recht auf freie Meinungsäußerung the right of free speech;
    gleiches Recht für alle equal rights for all;
    sich selbst Recht verschaffen take the law into one’s own hands;
    auf seinem Recht bestehen assert one’s rights;
    auf sein Recht pochen insist on one’s rights;
    (wieder) zu seinem Recht kommen come into one’s own (again);
    mit welchem Recht tut er das? what right has he got to do that?;
    2. fig
    ich nehme mir das Recht zu (+inf) I take it upon myself to (+inf)
    zu Recht rightly; alleinstehend: rightly so
    * * *
    das; Recht[e]s, Rechte

    das Recht brechen/beugen — break/bend the law

    Recht sprechen — administer the law; administer justice

    von Rechts wegen — by law; (ugs.): (eigentlich) by rights

    sein Recht fordern od. verlangen — demand one's rights

    zu seinem Recht kommen — (fig.) be given due attention

    3) o. Pl. (Berechtigung) right (auf + Akk. to)

    zu Recht — rightly; with justification

    4)

    jemandem Recht geben — concede or admit that somebody is right

    * * *
    -e m.
    due n. -e n.
    claim n.
    justice n.
    law n.
    privilege n.
    right n.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > Recht

  • 20 ocurrir

    v.
    1 to happen.
    nadie sabe lo que ocurrió nobody knows what happened
    ¿qué ocurre? what's the matter?
    ¿qué le ocurre a Juan? what's up with Juan?
    ¿te ocurre algo? is anything the matter?
    lo que ocurre es que… the thing is…
    Los eventos transcurrieron The events happened=came about.
    2 to happen to, to occur to.
    Los eventos transcurrieron The events happened=came about.
    Me ocurrió algo divertido Something funny happened to me.
    * * *
    1 to happen
    ■ ¿qué fue lo que ocurrió? what happened?
    ■ ¿qué ocurre? what's wrong?
    ■ ¿te ocurre algo? are you alright?
    1 to occur to
    ■ no se me ocurre nada nothing occurs to me, I can't think of anything
    ■ se me ocurrió pensar que... it crossed my mind that..., it occurred to me that
    ■ ¡se te ocurre cada cosa! you come out with some funny ideas!
    \
    lo que ocurre es que... the thing is that...
    * * *
    verb
    to happen, occur
    * * *
    1.

    ocurre que... — it (so) happens that...

    ¿qué ocurre? — what's going on?

    ¿qué te ocurre? — what's the matter?

    lo que ocurre es que... — the thing is...

    2.
    See:
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo (en 3a pers) to happen

    ¿ha ocurrido algo? — is anything the matter?, is anything wrong?

    lo que ocurre es que... — the trouble is (that)...

    ¿qué te ocurre? — what's the matter?

    2.
    ocurrirse v pron (en 3a pers)

    se me ocurrió que... — it occurred to me that... (frml)

    ¿a quién se le ocurre dejarlo solo? — who in their right mind would leave him on his own?

    ¿cómo se te ocurrió comprarlo? — whatever made you buy it?

    * * *
    = happen, occur, occur, take + place, come about, go on, transpire, come to + pass, play out.
    Ex. Everything that happens in the couple's tiny, shrunken, enclosed world is addictive, unglamorous, and boringly awful.
    Ex. Various desirable features will be incorporated into a package which may not occur to the new user as being of importance.
    Ex. In DOBIS/LIBIS, this occurs only when entering multiple surnames.
    Ex. This substitution takes place only in the online public access catalog.
    Ex. In the next chapter we look at how this development came about and the directions it has taken.
    Ex. How she ached to be a poet and by some wizardry of pen capture the mysteries going on out there.
    Ex. The 2nd is the fact that most information seeking transpires with little help from librarians, who have consistently failed to establish themselves as primary information professionals.
    Ex. The most devasting consequences predicted in 1980, such as the loss of small presses, have not come to pass.
    Ex. The author discusses access, censorship, and privacy, looking at how these issues are played out in legal debates over copyright law.
    ----
    * averiguar lo que ocurre alrededor = put + Posesivo + ear to the ground.
    * cambio + ocurrir = change + take place.
    * catástrofe + ocurrir = disaster + strike.
    * como ocurre en estos casos = as is the way with these things.
    * como + ocurrir + en el caso de = as + be + the case for.
    * cuando a Alguien le ocurre Algo, Otra Persona sufre las consecuencias = when + Alguien + sneeze, + Otro + catch cold.
    * esto no ocurre en el caso de = the same is not true (for/of/with).
    * lo mismo ocurre con = the same goes for.
    * mantenerse atento a lo que ocurre alrededor = keep + Posesivo + ear to the ground.
    * ¡Ni se te ocurra! = Not on your life!.
    * no decir a Alguien lo que está ocurriendo = leave + Nombre + in the dark.
    * ocurrir en el futuro = go into + the future.
    * ocurrirse a Alguien una idea = hit on/upon + idea.
    * ocurrírsele a Alguien una idea = think up + idea.
    * ocurrírsele a Alguien una solución = come up with + solution.
    * ocurrírsele a Uno = come to + mind.
    * ocurrírsele a Uno Algo = come into + the mind, it + occur to + Nombre/Pronombre.
    * ocurrírsele la idea = come up with + idea.
    * ocurrir todo a la vez = happen + all at once.
    * pregunta + ocurrir = question + pop into + Posesivo + mind.
    * ¿qué ocurre si... ? = what if... ?.
    * ser algo que no ocurre con frecuencia = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser lo último que + ocurrir + a Alguien = be the last thing of + Posesivo + mind.
    * si no ocurre ningún imprevisto = all (other) things being equal.
    * tener que ocurrir = be bound to happen.
    * * *
    1.
    verbo intransitivo (en 3a pers) to happen

    ¿ha ocurrido algo? — is anything the matter?, is anything wrong?

    lo que ocurre es que... — the trouble is (that)...

    ¿qué te ocurre? — what's the matter?

    2.
    ocurrirse v pron (en 3a pers)

    se me ocurrió que... — it occurred to me that... (frml)

    ¿a quién se le ocurre dejarlo solo? — who in their right mind would leave him on his own?

    ¿cómo se te ocurrió comprarlo? — whatever made you buy it?

    * * *
    = happen, occur, occur, take + place, come about, go on, transpire, come to + pass, play out.

    Ex: Everything that happens in the couple's tiny, shrunken, enclosed world is addictive, unglamorous, and boringly awful.

    Ex: Various desirable features will be incorporated into a package which may not occur to the new user as being of importance.
    Ex: In DOBIS/LIBIS, this occurs only when entering multiple surnames.
    Ex: This substitution takes place only in the online public access catalog.
    Ex: In the next chapter we look at how this development came about and the directions it has taken.
    Ex: How she ached to be a poet and by some wizardry of pen capture the mysteries going on out there.
    Ex: The 2nd is the fact that most information seeking transpires with little help from librarians, who have consistently failed to establish themselves as primary information professionals.
    Ex: The most devasting consequences predicted in 1980, such as the loss of small presses, have not come to pass.
    Ex: The author discusses access, censorship, and privacy, looking at how these issues are played out in legal debates over copyright law.
    * averiguar lo que ocurre alrededor = put + Posesivo + ear to the ground.
    * cambio + ocurrir = change + take place.
    * catástrofe + ocurrir = disaster + strike.
    * como ocurre en estos casos = as is the way with these things.
    * como + ocurrir + en el caso de = as + be + the case for.
    * cuando a Alguien le ocurre Algo, Otra Persona sufre las consecuencias = when + Alguien + sneeze, + Otro + catch cold.
    * esto no ocurre en el caso de = the same is not true (for/of/with).
    * lo mismo ocurre con = the same goes for.
    * mantenerse atento a lo que ocurre alrededor = keep + Posesivo + ear to the ground.
    * ¡Ni se te ocurra! = Not on your life!.
    * no decir a Alguien lo que está ocurriendo = leave + Nombre + in the dark.
    * ocurrir en el futuro = go into + the future.
    * ocurrirse a Alguien una idea = hit on/upon + idea.
    * ocurrírsele a Alguien una idea = think up + idea.
    * ocurrírsele a Alguien una solución = come up with + solution.
    * ocurrírsele a Uno = come to + mind.
    * ocurrírsele a Uno Algo = come into + the mind, it + occur to + Nombre/Pronombre.
    * ocurrírsele la idea = come up with + idea.
    * ocurrir todo a la vez = happen + all at once.
    * pregunta + ocurrir = question + pop into + Posesivo + mind.
    * ¿qué ocurre si... ? = what if... ?.
    * ser algo que no ocurre con frecuencia = be a rare occurrence.
    * ser lo último que + ocurrir + a Alguien = be the last thing of + Posesivo + mind.
    * si no ocurre ningún imprevisto = all (other) things being equal.
    * tener que ocurrir = be bound to happen.

    * * *
    ocurrir [I1 ]
    vi
    ( en tercera persona)to happen
    eso ocurrió hace muchos años that happened many years ago
    ¿ha ocurrido algo? is anything the matter?, is something wrong?
    ocurre una vez cada 120 años it occurs o happens once every 120 years
    no sabemos qué ocurrió aquella noche we do not know what happened o took place that night
    lo más or lo peor que puede ocurrir es que te diga que no the worst that can happen is that he'll say no
    ocurra lo que ocurra whatever happens o come what may
    lo que ocurre es que no tienes paciencia the trouble is that you have no patience
    ocurrirle algo A algn:
    ¿qué te ocurre? what's the matter?
    nunca me había ocurrido una cosa así nothing like that had ever happened to me before
    ( en tercera persona)ocurrírsele algo A algn:
    dime un nombre, el primero que se te ocurra give me a name, the first one that comes into your head o that you think of
    se me ha ocurrido una idea brillante I've had a brilliant idea
    no se les ocurría nada que regalarle they couldn't think of anything to give her
    no se me ocurre qué puede ser I can't think o I've no idea what it can be
    ¿a quién se le ocurre dejarlo solo? who in their right mind would leave him on his own?
    ¿cómo se te ocurrió decirle semejante disparate? whatever made you say such a stupid thing?
    se me ocurrió que quizás fuera mejor ir a pie it occurred to me that it might be better to walk ( frml)
    * * *

     

    ocurrir ( conjugate ocurrir) verbo intransitivo (en 3a pers) to happen;

    lo que ocurre es que … the trouble is (that) …;
    lamento lo ocurrido I'm sorry about what happened
    ocurrirse verbo pronominal (en 3a pers): se me ha ocurrido una idea I've had an idea;
    no se les ocurría nada they couldn't think of anything;
    di lo primero que se te ocurra say the first thing that comes into your head;
    ¿cómo se te ocurrió comprarlo? whatever made you buy it?
    ocurrir verbo impersonal to happen, occur: no sé qué le ocurre, I don't know what's the matter with him
    ¿qué está ocurriendo aquí?, what's going on here?

    ' ocurrir' also found in these entries:
    Spanish:
    amagar
    - caer
    - coincidir
    - haber
    - poder
    - ser
    - suceder
    - volver
    English:
    come about
    - go on
    - happen
    - occur
    - place
    - strike
    - yet
    - recur
    - thought
    - transpire
    * * *
    ♦ vi
    1. [suceder] to happen;
    ocurre muy frecuentemente it happens very often;
    nadie sabe lo que ocurrió nobody knows what happened;
    ha ocurrido un accidente there's been an accident;
    lo que ocurre es que… the thing is…;
    ¿qué le ocurre a Juan? what's up with Juan?;
    ¿qué ocurre? what's the matter?;
    ¿te ocurre algo? is anything the matter?
    2. Méx [ir] to go;
    ocurrí a la central camionera I went to the central bus station
    * * *
    I v/i
    1 happen, occur;
    ¿qué ocurre? what’s going on?;
    ¿qué te ocurre? what’s the matter?
    II v/i Méx
    go
    * * *
    : to occur, to happen
    * * *
    ocurrir vb to happen / to occur [pt. & pp. occurred]
    ¿qué ocurre? what's happening? / what's going on?
    ¿qué te ocurre? what's the matter?

    Spanish-English dictionary > ocurrir

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